无刷直流电机控制器的设计与实现

论文字数:16462,页数:40

摘  要
    电动机作为能量转换装置，应用于国民经济的各个领域。电动机一般分为交流电机和直流电机。相比较交流电动机，直流电动机具有良好的起动性能和宽广平滑的调速特性，因而被广泛应用于电力机车、无轨电车、轧钢机、机床和起动设备等需要经常起动并调速的场合。但直流电动机的换向是依靠换向器和电刷进行换流，在频繁的运转过程中，由于换向器和电刷的摩擦，一方面消耗电刷，使我们不得不定期检查和更换电刷，耗时耗力；另一方面又产生电火花、电磁干扰，影响附近的电气设备。永磁无刷直流电动机是近些年来发展起来的一种新型电机，其利用电子换相技术代替直流电动机电刷换向的机电一体化产品。它既具有一般直流电动机的运行效率高、起动转矩大、调速范围广和机械特性为线性等优点，又具有交流电动机的结构简单、运行可靠、维护方便等优点。本课题以永磁无刷直流电动机控制器为研究对象，设计了以无刷直流电机专用芯片MC33035为核心的无刷直流电机控制器的主回路部分，主要包括整流和逆变的设计。

关键词：无刷直流电动机、MC33035、整流、逆变、IR2103

Abstract
Electrical energy conversion device as applied to various areas of the national economy. Generally be divided into motor AC motor and DC motor. Compared to AC motors, DC motor starter has a good performance and a broad smooth speed control characteristics, have been widely used in electric locomotives, trolley buses, rolling mill, machine tools and equipment need to start and start-up speed of occasions. However, for the DC motor commutator and brush is to rely on exchange flow, in the functioning of the process of frequent, as the commutator and brush friction, on the one hand, consumption of brush, so that we may not be from time to time inspection and replacement of electric Brush, time-consuming and labor-intensive; On the other hand, have a spark, electromagnetic interference, the impact of nearby electrical equipment. Permanent magnet brushless DC motor is developed in recent years a new type of motor, with its use of electronic technology for brush DC motor instead of the mechanical-electrical integration for the product. It has the general operation of DC motor high efficiency, large starting torque, speed and mechanical properties of a wide range of advantages for the linear and the AC motor with simple structure, reliable operation and convenient maintenance. This topic aims to research permanent magnet brushless DC motor controller, which takes the ASIC BLDCM MC33035 as the core. It designs the main circuit of permanent magnet brushless DC motor controller, mainly including the rectifier and the inverter.

Keywords：brushless DC Motor、MC33035、rectifier、inverter、IR2103

目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1  前 言 1
1.1  本课题的目的、背景和意义 1
1.2  无刷直流电机及其控制器的国内外现状 2
1.2.1  无刷直流电机的现状和发展 2
1.2.2  无刷直流电机控制器的现状和发展 3
1.3  本文研究的主要内容 4
2  无刷直流电机的结构和工作原理 5
2.1  无刷直流电机的基本结构 5
2.2  无刷直流电机的工作原理 7
3  主回路设计 11
3.1  控制器核心芯片MC33035 11
3.2  整流电路设计 14
3.2.1  二极管单相桥式整流电路 14
3.2.2  整流滤波电路 15
3.3  逆变方案设计 16
3.3.1  MOSFET管的选择 16
3.3.2  逆变电路及原理 18
3.4  控制器驱动系统 20
3.4.1  MOSFET驱动电路 20
3.4.2  IR2103介绍 21
3.4.3  CD4049介绍 24
4  硬件系统的实现 27
4.1  Protel99SE的发展历史 27
4.2  Protel99SE的结构特点 27
4.3  电路图到PCB图的转换 28
5  总结 30
致 谢 31
参考文献 32
附 录  系统电路图 33