老年人压疮的预防和护理

论文编号:HL145  论文字数:8771.页数:16

 论文题目：老年人压疮的预防和护理
摘　要
 研究目的：压疮是一个全球性的健康问题，不仅给患者带来痛苦，而且增加了医疗需求、治疗难度和住院费用，因此，卫生管理部门和临床专家建议在临床护理中需早期识别压疮危险因素和尽早启动预防护理。骨科患者因疼痛和制动等原因造成长期被动体位，是压疮发生的高危人群。积极评估患者情况，早期识别压疮发生的危险因素是预防骨科患者压疮的关键。本文主要探讨探讨老年骨科患者发生压疮的特殊危险因素。
 研究方法：对188例行牵引或支具固定的骨科患者在人院时进行压疮危险评估，评估内容包括自制危险因素调查表及压疮评估量表，前瞻性观察该组患者发生压疮的情况，并进行统计学分析。
 研究结果：188例行牵引或支具固定的骨科患者中发生压疮11例。单因素分析结果显示，不同骨折部位、年龄、牵引及支具固定时间、疼痛程度患者的压疮发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01)；Logistic回归分析显示，牵引时间(β=3.35，P<0.01)、支具固定时间(β=3.29，P<0.05)及疼痛程度(β=2.46，P<0.05)是导致压疮发生的危险因素；Braden量表和Waterlow量表对本组患者的压疮风险识别率为18.18 。
 研究结论：有必要研制骨科专门的压疮评估工具，以进一步提高骨科患者压疮风险的识别能力；而在此之前，骨科护士进行压疮评估时须充分考虑患者的牵引和支具固定时间及疼痛程度，以有效预防压疮的发生。
 关键词：骨科；压疮；危险因素；护理
 
 论文类型：应用研究

 Title: The nursing intervention to prevent orthopaedic patients to analyze the effect of pressure ulcers
ABSTRACT
 Pressure ulcer is a global health problems, not only to bring pain, but also increases with the medical treatment demand, the difficulty in hospital and the charge, therefore, the health administrative departments and clinical expert advice on clinical care in early identification of pressure ulcer risk factors and preventive care an early start. Orthopaedic patients due to pain and brake cause long-term passive posture, pressure ulcer occurred high-risk groups. Positive assessment patients, early recognition of pressure ulcer risk factors is to prevent orthopaedic patients of pressure ulcers key. Conventional evaluation tool pressure ulcers are Braden scale and Waterlow scale, the former applies to the elderly patients, the therapeutic and is often recommended application in adults and orthopaedic surgery patients, But from its assessment project, are not highlight orthopaedic patient pressure ulcer risk factors. This study aims to routine for 188 with fixed traction and treatment of patients with orthopaedic in 11 cases of pressure ulcers with risk factors analysis, in order to identify orthopaedic patients of pressure ulcers specific risk factors.
 Objective: to investigate the orthopaedic patients of pressure ulcers specific risk factors
 Methods:188 routine traction or with a fixed in the orthopaedic hospital patients who are at risk assessment and evaluation pressure ulcer risk factors include self-made questionnaire and pressure ulcer assessment scale, prospectie, obserational supervisor of pressure ulcers patients, and statistical analysis.
 Results:188 routine traction or with a fixed orthopaedic patients in 11 cases of pressure ulcers. Single factor analysis results show that different fracture site, age, traction and have fixed time, the pressure ulcer pain patients are statistically significant differences between rate (P < 0.05) or 0.01), Logistic regression analysis showed that prevalence (= time, traction, P < 0.01), with a fixed time (= 3.29, P < 0.05) and pain (= 2.46, P < 0.05) is the cause of pressure ulcer risk factors, Waterlow Braden scale and the scale of the pressure ulcer risk group patients for 18.18 recognition.
 Conclusion: it is necessary to develop orthopaedic special pressure ulcers, assessment tools to improve patient pressure ulcer risk of bone ability to identify, But before that, orthopaedic nurses pressure ulcer assessment should fully consider the traction and patients with a fixed time and pain, to prevent the pressure ulcers
 
Keywords: orthopedics, Pressure ulcer, Risk factors, nursing

TYPE OF THESIS: Application research

目  录
摘　要 III
ABSTRACT IV
目  录 V
1绪论 1
1.1背景及意义 1
1.2研究目的及目标 1
1.3关键词及定义 1
1.4文献回顾 2
2 研究设计 4
2.1 研究类型 4
2.2 研究对象 4
2.3研究方法 4
2.4研究步骤 4
2.5统计分析 4
3 结果 6
3.1骨科老年患者的压疮发生情况 6
3.2骨科老年患者压疮发生的单因素分析 6
3.3骨科老年患者压疮发生的多因素 6
3.4压疮评估量表的识别结果 7
4 讨论 8
4.1压疮预防的探讨 8
4.2老年患者压疮护理对策研究 8
4.3 疼痛程度与骨科老年患者压疮发生的关系及护理对策 8
5 推论与建议 10
5.1推论 10
5.2建议 10
参考文献 11
致谢 12