中国中小企业国际贸易融资问题研究
Research on the SMEs' International Trade Financing in China
【摘要】 改革开放以来,中国对外贸易迅速发展,2007年中国已经成为世界第二大贸易国家。中小企业作为发展对外贸易的重要力量,如何更好地利用国际贸易融资是企业发展外贸业务的关键所在。本文阐述了中国中小企业在国民经济中的重要性,将国际贸易融资方式按期限和融资对象进行分类,逐一分析各种融资方式的作用、适用范围、流程及特点。根据中国中小企业国际贸易融资的现状,具体分析了造成中小企业国际贸易融资难的各种内外因素,试图构建一个完整的中小企业国际贸易融资体系,包括完善中小企业信用体系、加强中小企业管理等。
【Abstract】 After china’s accession to the WTO, as the international trading environment continues to improve, a substantial increase happens in Chinese exports. By the end of 2008, the annual exports has come to 1428.55 billion U.S dollar, 17.2 percent higher than the last year, of which small and medium-sized enterprises account for more than 60 percent, and thus small and medium-sized enterprises have become an important force in the areas of China’s foreign trade. With the rapid development of foreign trade, SMEs’need for capital becomes even stronger. However, financing in the international trade has become the main obstacle for the SMEs in terms of business development. It is crucial to identify and solve these problems, which also have an important significance to develop international trade and open up international markets.This article is divided into five parts. Part I, preface, first of all it raises the meaning of this article: the Chinese SMEs play a core part in the promoting the development of china’s foreign trade, but the difficulties in financing has become the bottleneck restriction factors for the SMEs’development, so it is vital to find how to solve this problem. Second, a review is made in the studies of SMEs’financing problems, followed by the description on the article structure. Finally, it mentioned the innovation and inadequate about the author’s idea about this article.The second part of the article analyzed the development of Chinese SMEs. First, it demonstrated the conception of SMEs from the qualitative and quantitative divisions, and simply introduced the classification criteria for SMEs in the United States, European Union and Japan. China has been using the quantitative standards, and according to the different characteristics of different industries, takes the number of employees, sales and total assets as the criteria of classification. Second, it expressed the importance of SMEs for the China’s national economy, and pointed out the important role of SMEs from two perspectives—mutual relying on relationship between the SMEs and large enterprises, and SMEs’ability to provide many job opportunities.The third part outlined the international trade financing. First, introduce the meaning of international trade financing and the development process, and made a detailed analysis of three characteristics on the differences between the trade credit financing and traditional banking operations, which are the lower access to the threshold of international trade financing and financing cost; self-pay; regulatory traits of international trade financing. Secondly, the author classified the modes of international trade financing in accordance with the deadline and objects, such as the red letters credit, loan packaging for the exporters, as well as import bills and international factoring for the importers, and analyzed the roles, scope of application, flow process and characteristics.The fourth part analyzed the status of international trade financing for SMEs in China and influencing factors. Through data analysis on two groups of banking business, we can see that the difficulties in financing for SMEs have alleviated with more importance of banks on the international trade financing of SMEs, but this situation has not fundamentally changed. At the latter par
