我国实验动物福利法律问题研究
Research on the Laws of Experimental Animals Welfare in China
【中文摘要】 实验动物福利是社会进步和经济发展到一定阶段的必然产物,体现了人与动物协调发展的趋势,也符合我们构建和谐社会的理念。实验动物福利既涉及动物保护,又涉及国际贸易,还与社会自身的发展有关,实验动物福利立法已不仅是一个观念问题,它是社会进步和经济发展到了一定阶段的必然产物,体现了一个国家社会文明的进步程度。保护动物、善待生命不仅是所有善良人的愿望,也是社会走向稳定和文明的重要因素,更关系到一个国家在国际上的形象。因此我们应当更新观念,在充分结合我国国情的前提下,完善我国现行的实验动物福利法规,并加快我国实验动物福利法立法工作。本文运用比较分析和历史与现实分析的方法,从我国实验动物福利现状入手,总结了我国实验动物福利法规存在的立法级别较低、实验动物法律地位不够明确、对残害实验动物行为的法律制裁不足、法律条文的可操作性差以及与国际规范相脱节等问题。鉴于此,本文深入分析了完善我国实验动物福利法规的必要性与可行性。通过借鉴欧盟、美国、澳大利亚以及日本等国家的实验动物福利法的先进立法经验,提出了完善我国实验动物福利法规的对策:对策一,首先提出了转变立法观念、明确实验动物法律地位,细化实验动物法规条文、增强其可操作性以及与国际规范相接轨等完善我国实验动物福利法规的建议,并针对我国实验动物福利的现状提出了完善实验动物福利保护的监督机制;对策二,即可以在恰当的时期出台一部适合我国国情的实验动物福利法,内容包括:立法依据,即《中华人民共和国宪法》《中华人民共和国环境保护法》、《刑法》以及一些行政法规、部门规章和地方性法规中所规定的相应的法律条文;立法目的,即保障实验动物免受额外的痛苦,保障实验动物获得与其环境协调一致的心理、生理健康,保障物种多样性和生态平衡,促进实验动物科学的进一步发展,协调人与自然的关系保护生态环境:立法原则,即五大自由原则、“3R”原则、专业人员与公众共同参与原则和与经济发展相适应原则:实验动物福利法应包含的内容:实验目的、许可证申请、实验人员、对动物的照顾和居住环境、实验程序、实验信息的公布和法律责任。最后得出结论,即只有以关怀人类生存和发展为立法归宿,用理性规范人的行为,健全立法,才能从根本上谋得实验动物的福利和人类社会的和谐
【英文摘要】 The welfare of experimental animals is the necessary product of social progress and economic development,which reflects the tendency of harmonious development between human and animals,as well as the idea of constructing harmonious society.The welfare of experimental animals relates to such fields as animal protection,international trade as well as the self development of society.The legislation of the welfare of experimental animals is not only an issue of thought,but also the necessary product of social progress and economic development,and it reflects the progress level of civilization in a certain nation and society. Protecting and cherishing animals is not only the desire of all the people with kindness,but also the important factors in relation to the stability and civilization of a society,as well as the international image of a nation.So,we should renew our thought to consummate the present laws and regulations of the welfare of experimental animals and quicken the legislation of the welfare of experimental animals in the precondition of the present situation of China. This thesis refers to the methods of comparative analysis and analysis of history and reality, proceeds with the present situation of the welfare of experimental animals in our country,and summarizes such problems that exist in China as the lower legislation level of the laws and regulations of the welfare of experimental animals,unspecific legal status of experimental animals,the poorer feasibility of the laws and regulations and out of joint with the international standard.On the basis of it,this thesis deeply analyzes the necessity and feasibility of consummating the laws and regulations of the welfare of experimental animals.By referring to the advanced legislation experience on the welfare of the experimental animals in such countries as EU,the USA,Australia and Japan,It put forward the solutions to consummate the laws of welfare of experimental animals in China:first,it puts forward some suggestions of consummating the law
