[本文提要]:激励是人力资源开发的重要手段,它表现为对人的需求欲望予以适当满足或限制,而实质是人在追求某种既定目标时的愿意程度。激励在鼓舞员工士气、提高员工素质、增强组织凝聚力等方面起着十分重要的作用。从不同角度来看,激励可以划分为物质激励与精神激励、正激励与负激励、内激励与外激励几种类型。然而,在激励过程中无论选择什么样的类型,都要对激励时机、激励频率、激励程度和激励方向予以适当掌把握,因为这些激励机制对激励的效果都有着直接和显著的影响。在激励过程中,只有遵循正确的原则,才能使激励充分发挥其功能。激励论文主要从实现激励的重要性,激励类型、激励手段与方法,激励机制以及激励原则,这五个方面进行论述,“激励是人力资源管理的有效途径 ”充分说明了激励因素在现代企业管理中所存在的问题及激励因素在现代企业中的合理利用。
关键字:激励、管理、行为、动力
[article abstract] The drive is the human resources development important method, it displays for gives to human''s demand desire suitably to satisfy or the limit, but the essence is the human in pursues some kind to decide time the goal to want the degree. The drive is raising the staff morale, improves aspect and so on staff quality, enhancement organization cohesive force is playing the extremely vital role. Looked from the different angle that, drove may divide for the matter drove and the spirit drove, was driving with the negative drive, in drove drives several kind of types with outside. However, in drive process regardless of chooses any type the type, all must to drive the opportunity, the excitation frequency, the drive degree and the drive direction give the suitable palm assurance, because these drive mechanisms all have to the drive effect direct and the remarkable influence. In drive process, only then follows the correct principle, can enable the drive fully to display its function. This article mainly from realization drive importance,Drives the type, the means of incentive and the method,Drives the mechanism as well as the drive principle,These five aspects carry on the elaboration,Fully explained the drive factor the question and the drive factor which exists in the modern business management in the modern enterprise''s reasonable use.
Key words: Motivation, management, behavior, power
一、激励的实质
激励的实质在于把工作要求与员工需要联系起来,使之相互转化,从而提高员工的工作积极性。当人们产生了某种欲望或需要时,心理上就会产生不安与紧张的情绪,成为一种内在的驱动力,有了动机就要寻找、选择目标。当目标找到后,就进行满足需要的活动。
是符合组织目标的要求,又包含较多的个人需要,为多数员工所看重和接受,于是可激发职工的动机,使目标导向行为大量出现。了解员工是为了管理员工。把握员工的需要的目的,把员工引入企业运行的轨道,这是激励的关键。
二、激励的概念、特点及其功能
1.激励的概念
激励一词是外来语,译自英文单词Motivation,它含有激发动机、鼓励行为、形成动力的意义。所谓激励就是指一个有机体在追求某种既定目标时的愿意程度。正如美国学者贝雷尔森和斯但纳在《人类行为:科学发现成果》一书中所指出的那样:“激励是人类活动的一种内心状态。”一个激励的过程,实际上就是人的需求满足的过程,它以未能得到满足的需求开始,以得到满足的需求而告终。