（一）英汉语言的共相
【网学提醒】：本文主要为网上学习者提供（一）英汉语言的共相，希望对需要（一）英汉语言的共相网友有所帮助，学习一下吧!
说明：
英汉两种语言的语法功能和句法框架有许多类似或接近的大方，所以在不少情况下实现近似对应的互译是有可能的，科技文章和技术资料最为典型。翻译叙述性文字的主要对策是：以直译为主，以意译为辅，能顺译则顺译，不能顺译再做局部调整。
从词类划分来看……
从句子要素来看……
例1 People are always talking about :the problem of youth”，if there is one---which I take leave to doubt--then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human being---people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.
人们总是在谈论“青年人问题”。如果真有这么一个问题——对这一点我要冒昧地表示怀疑——那也是年长者造出来的，而不是青年人自己造成的。我们认真地考虑一下问题的根本吧，而且我们要承认青年人毕竟是人——是跟他们长辈一样的人。青年人和老年人之间只有一点不同，那就是青年人的光辉在他们的前头，而老年人的光辉已经留在他们的身后，或许这就是问题的所在。
例3 汉语词组有名词词组和动词词组。以名词为中心的词组，一般是名词及其定语，在句中作用相当于一个名词的，叫名词词组。以动词为中心的词组，一般是动词及其状语，在句中作用相当于一个动词的，叫动词词组。此外，在用法注释中有时提到词或词组，其中词组则和前面说到的词往往起同一作用。
Chinese phrases include nominal phrases and verbal phrases. A phrase with a noun as its core, usually a noun and its attributive, functioning as a noun in a sentence, is known as nominal phrase, A phrase with a verb as its core, usually a verb and its adverbial adjunct, functioning as a verb in a sentence, is known as verbal phrase. Moreover, in usage notes, sometimes “a word or phrase” is used and the “phrase” here usually has the same function as the “word” mentioned before.
说明：
英汉两种语言的语法功能和句法框架有许多类似或接近的大方，所以在不少情况下实现近似对应的互译是有可能的，科技文章和技术资料最为典型。翻译叙述性文字的主要对策是：以直译为主，以意译为辅，能顺译则顺译，不能顺译再做局部调整。
从词类划分来看……
从句子要素来看……
例1 People are always talking about :the problem of youth”，if there is one---which I take leave to doubt--then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human being---people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.
人们总是在谈论“青年人问题”。如果真有这么一个问题——对这一点我要冒昧地表示怀疑——那也是年长者造出来的，而不是青年人自己造成的。我们认真地考虑一下问题的根本吧，而且我们要承认青年人毕竟是人——是跟他们长辈一样的人。青年人和老年人之间只有一点不同，那就是青年人的光辉在他们的前头，而老年人的光辉已经留在他们的身后，或许这就是问题的所在。
例3 汉语词组有名词词组和动词词组。以名词为中心的词组，一般是名词及其定语，在句中作用相当于一个名词的，叫名词词组。以动词为中心的词组，一般是动词及其状语，在句中作用相当于一个动词的，叫动词词组。此外，在用法注释中有时提到词或词组，其中词组则和前面说到的词往往起同一作用。
Chinese phrases include nominal phrases and verbal phrases. A phrase with a noun as its core, usually a noun and its attributive, functioning as a noun in a sentence, is known as nominal phrase, A phrase with a verb as its core, usually a verb and its adverbial adjunct, functioning as a verb in a sentence, is known as verbal phrase. Moreover, in usage notes, sometimes “a word or phrase” is used and the “phrase” here usually has the same function as the “word” mentioned before.