摘 要
影响行为刑事责任能力的因素主要有年龄因素和精神状态因素，精神障碍是影响刑事责任能力最为常见和最主要的因素之一，我国刑法第18条立法上确立了精神障碍人刑事责任能力的“三分法”，在生活中这类病人实施危害行为而需评定其是否具有刑事责任的案件时常可见。在司法实践中对于精神障碍者的刑事责任能力评定，通常做法是：完全由精神病医学专家鉴定，直接就作出行为人无责任能力的结论，而检察官或法官也完全采纳精神病鉴定专家的鉴定结论，这样的方法不能科学的对精神障碍者的刑事责任能力作出评判。且因精神障碍本身的复杂性，而该条文中使用的“精神病”这一概念内涵的不确定性和狭窄性，使刑法学界、司法精神医学界乃至司法实践部门，对精神障碍人刑事责任能力的评定仍存在着许多有争论的疑难问题。
关键词：刑事责任能力 精神病 精神障碍
Abstract
There are two primary factors can influence the ability of criminal obligation. One is the age, the other is the psychosis. but the psychological block (psychosis) is one of the most familiar and primary factors that influence the ability of criminal obligation .in domestic criminal law, the 18th legislation has established that the person who has psychosis take the rap which have three instances .in the daily life, it is usually happened that this kind of people actualize hurt action and need assess their ability of criminal obligation. In the judicature practice, we usually assess their ability of criminal obligation like this: judged by psychiatrist entirely, and then make a decision directly that the actor doesn’t have responsibilities. While the law officer or inquisitors also adopt the psychiatrist’s decision, in this way, it can’t make a scientific judge to mentally disordered person′ ability of criminal obligation. The psychological block is complexity and the concept of “psychosis” in the legislation has uncertainty and limited, it makes the area of criminal law, the area of law and psychiatry and the department of judicature practice have many issuable difficulty in assess mentally disordered person’s ability of criminal obligation.
Key words: Ability of criminal obligation; Psychosis; Psychological block.
引 言
精神疾病是以精神活动失调或紊乱为主要表现的一类疾病的总称。我国刑法第18条规定：“精神病人在不能辨认或者不能控制自己行为的时候造成危害结果，经法定程序鉴定确认的，不负刑事责任”；“间歇性精神病人在精神正常的时候犯罪，应当负刑事责任”；“尚未完全丧失辨认或者控制自己行为能力的精神病人犯罪的，应当负刑事责任，但是可以从轻或者减轻处罚。”这一条文从立法上确立了精神障碍人刑事责任能力的“三分法”，来评定精神障碍者的刑事责任能力。但要对这个问题进行论述，要建立在对刑事责任能力这一概念的深入了解的基础之上。
