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关键词： Alzheimer氏病动物模型, 进展
摘要 AD型痴呆占老年性痴呆50%以上，严重危害着老年人的健康。国内外许多学者进行了大量有关AD的研究，特别是近年关于AD疾病的研究日益受到国内外学者高度重视。建立一个可靠的模型是研究该病的关键。迄今为止尚无一个公认理想的AD模型，本文综述了六十年代以来有关AD模型建立方法的研究进展状况，阐明了各种方法的优缺点。
随着人口老龄化的发展，老年性疾患已成为一个明显影响人类健康突出的问题，其中老年性痴呆（Senile dementia,SD）是最常见的老年性疾病之一，它和恶性肿瘤、心脑血管意外并列为导致老年人死亡的三大疾病。据国外报道，SD患病率占老年人群4-5%，其中半数以上为Alzheimer氏病（简称AD）。国内报道，我国老年性痴呆患病率为4.36%，其中AD患者占2.8%。AD是一种原发变性型老年性痴呆，其特点是发病年龄较早，多在65岁以前，故又称作早老年性痴呆，病程进展缓慢，主要表现为近期记忆力明显减退，在神经化学方面，往往多种神经递质系统受损。
自1906年德国神经病理学家Alois Alzheimer发现AD以来，许多科学工作者进行了近一个世纪的潜心探究,从形态学、神经生物学和临床研究等方面做了大量工作，在AD的病理改变、发病机制及治疗等方面都取得了可喜的成绩。关于AD病因有下述多种学说：⑴遗传学说；⑵微量元素学说，其中提出最多的是铝和硅[3-4]；⑶神经递质学说，AD患者神经递质活动改变主要在海马、基底前脑核及大脑新皮质区。多数学者认为主要与乙酰胆碱能系统改变有关，其次为5-羟色氨能系统等[5-6]；⑷免疫反应学说，可能是独立因素，也可能是与感染、遗传和环境中毒相关的继发因素，并提出与白细胞介素-1（IL-1）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）等有关[7-8]；⑸慢病毒学说；⑹雌激素水平下降。对上述病因学说，诸多学者互有争议，尚无一致认识。
目录：
1 化学损伤
2 物理方法一断开穹窿海马伞通路
3 转移基因小鼠
4 老年动物
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