【网学提醒】：本文主要为网上学习者提供端粒、端粒酶与泌尿系肿瘤，希望对需要端粒、端粒酶与泌尿系肿瘤网友有所帮助，学习一下吧!
资料包括： 论文(4页2649字)
说明：
关键词： 端粒酶,端粒,泌尿系肿瘤
端粒是位于染色体末端具有特殊功能的DNA帽，它虽然不带基因，但是在稳定染色体及防止染色体在复制时缩短等方面具有重要作用。端粒酶是催化合成并维持端粒一定序列的一种核糖核蛋白［1］。近年来研究发现人类恶性肿瘤的端粒行为异常、端粒酶活性表达不同于正常的体细胞，在大多数恶性肿瘤细胞中有端粒酶的活性，同时伴随着端粒长度的稳定。对于端粒和端粒酶的研究已成为肿瘤及生命科学方面研究的又一热点。
一、端粒与端粒酶
端粒是真核生物染色体末端一种特殊的异化结构，由一简单重复的富含G的DNA序列及其相关蛋白组成，不同物种的DNA序列并不一致，人和各种脊椎动物的DNA序列都为5′-TTAGG-
3′。近来研究表明，端粒跟细胞的寿命控制有着密切联系，人体细胞在体外培养过程中只能经历有限的有丝分裂次数，分裂过程中染色体末端的逐渐丢失会导致细胞最终退出周期。由于撃┒烁粗莆侍鈹的存在，端粒长度会随着有丝分裂的进行逐渐缩短，当端粒缩短到一定程度，即不能维护染色体的稳定时，细胞最终衰亡［2］。
目录：
一、端粒与端粒酶
二、端粒、端粒酶与泌尿系肿瘤的相关性研究
三、前景
参考文献：
Blackburn EH。Structure and function of telomeres.Nature,1991,350∶569-573.
Harley CB,Futcher AB,Greider CW.Telomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts.Nature,1990,345∶458-460.
Kim NW,Piatyszek MA,Prowse KR,et al.Specific association of human telomerase activity with immortal cells and cancer.Science，1994,266∶2011-2015.
Hiyama K,Hiyama E,Ishioka S,et al.Telomerase activity in small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancers.J Natl Inst,1995,87∶895-902.
Counter CM,Hirte HW,Bacchetti S,et al.Telomerase activity in human ovarian cancer.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1994,91∶2900-2904.
Mehle C,Ljungberg B,Roos G,et al.Telomere shortening in renal cell carcinoma.Cancer Res,1994,54∶236-241.
Hirano Y,Ushiyama T,Ohtawara Y,et al.Telomerase activity in adrenal tumors.Br J Urol,1997,80(supple 2)∶3.
Kyo S,Kunimi K,Uchibayashi T,et al.Telomerase activity in human urothelial tumors.Am J Clin Pathol,1997,107∶555-560.
Kamata S,Kageyama Y,Yonese J,et al.Significant telomere reduction in human superticial transitional cell carcinoma.Br J Urol,1996,78∶704-708.
Sommerfeld HJ,Meeker AK,Piatyszek MA,et al.Telomerase activity:a prevalent marker of malignant human prostate tissue.Cancer Res,1996,56∶218-222.
Lin Y,Uemura H,Fujinami K,et al.Telomerase activity in primary prostate cancer.J Urol,1997,157∶1161-1165.
Kinoshita H,Ogawa O,Kakehi Y,et al.Detection of telomerase activity in exfoliated cells in urine from patients with bladder cancer.J Natl Cancer Inst,1997,89∶724-730.
Lee DH,Yang SC,Hong SJ,et al.Clinical significance of telomerase activity in bladder wash specimens.Br J Urol,1997,80(supple 2)∶73.
Takahashi C,Miyagawa L,Kumano S,et al.Deteciton of telomeras activity in prostate cancer by needle biopsy.Eur Urol,1997,32∶494-498.
[15] Tahara H,Nakanishi T,Kitamoto M,et al.Telomerase activity in human liver tissues:comparison between chronic liver disease and hepatocellula carcinomas.Cancer Res,1995,55∶2734-2736.
[16] Hiyama E,Yokoyama T,Tasumoto N,et al.Telomerase activity in gastric cancer.Cancer Res,1995,55∶3258-3262.
[17] Lin Y,Miyamoto H,Fujinami K,et al.Telomerase activity in human bladder cancer.Clin Cancer Res,1996,2∶929-931.
[18] Kubota Y,Lin Y,Masuda M,et al.Telomerase activity in primary prostate cancer.Br J Urol,1997,80(suppl 2)∶231.
[19] Scates DK,Muir GH,Venitt S,et al.Detection of telomerase activity in human prostate:a diagnostic marker for prostatic cancer?Br J Urol,1997,80∶263-268.
