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资料包括： 论文(5页4011字) 文献综述
说明：
关键词： 抑郁症,老年
老年期(或老年)抑郁症，泛指存在于老年期(≥60)这一特定人群 的抑郁 症。内含较广，既包括原发性(含青年或成年期发病，老年期复发)和见之于老年期的各种继 发性抑郁。严格而狭义的老年抑郁症是特指≥60岁首次发病的原发性抑郁。国际通用的精神 疾病诊断和分类系统，如世界卫生组织“国际疾病与分类，精神与行为障碍分类”第10版(I CD-10，1992)，美国精神病协会“精神障碍诊断统计手册”第4版(DSM-Ⅳ，1994)和我国的 “中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准”第2版修订本(CCMD-2-R，1994)均未将老年抑郁症列 为独立诊断类别。然而就发病年龄、临床相、病程和转归与一般抑郁症又确有诸多不同。因 此，有人认为老年抑郁症可能就是抑郁症的一个特殊亚型，尚无定论(1)。目前我国 已迈入老龄化国家行列，老年抑郁症是一个仅次于老年痴呆的较为常见的精神障碍，是我们 今后需要面临一个新课题和挑战，应引起医学界广泛重视和注意。
一、老年抑郁症的诊断问题
越来越多的证据表明临床症状明显的抑郁是一组而不是一种疾病。抑郁障碍在许多诊断标准 中被划归入不同章节之下，所用名词较多。不同的诊断标准，抑郁的分类亦不同。ICD-10采 用将具有共同特征的障碍归入同一组的原则，将其均归入“心境/情感障碍”章，分抑郁发 作(按程度分为轻、中及重度)、心境恶劣、环性心境等。而DSM-Ⅳ的抑郁障碍包括重性抑郁 障碍(分为单次发作和反复发作)、心境恶劣障碍和抑郁障碍(未注明)。CCMD-2-R中在情感性 障碍项下的抑郁障碍包括了双相情感性精神障碍抑郁相、抑郁症(单次发作抑郁症和反复发 作抑郁症)，而将抑郁性神经症划分在神经症及与心理因素有关的精神障碍项下。关于抑郁 性 神经症的问题，在DSM-Ⅰ和Ⅱ中有这个诊断名称。国外认为所谓抑郁性神经症与抑郁症性质 相同，自80年代起在DSM-Ⅲ和ICD-9中就这一诊断获得了统一：作为亚型，将其归属于“ 心境障碍”之内，在DSM-Ⅲ-R和ICD-10称为“心境恶劣障碍”(2)。 目录：
一、老年抑郁症的诊断问题
二、发病率的研究
三、老年抑郁症的疾病过程及转归
四、今后的研究展望
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