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[关键词] 他扎罗汀
潘小钢 综述,毛舒和 审校(天津市长征医院皮肤科,天津 300021) [摘 要] 他扎罗汀是第一个受体选择性、第三代芳香维A酸类药物,主要选择性地结合二种维A酸受体(RAR-β;RAR-γ),但不与维A酸X受体(RXR)结合。临床安全、有效地用于治疗银屑病、痤疮,并用于角化异常性疾病、毛囊皮脂腺疾病、皮肤癌前期病变,临床开发应用前景广阔。1 名称、化学结构、构效关系和代谢[1,2]
他扎罗汀(tazarotene)即乙炔维A酸(acetylenic retinoid),商品名炔维(中国重庆华邦),分子式C21H21NO2S。
他扎罗汀的分子以直线状三键取代原单双键多烯链,形成坚硬的双芳香基乙炔结构,只能适用于某些维A酸受体,因其没有异构体,不会引发潜在的不同维A酸受体的活动,该药在结构设计上将原分子中游离羧酸部分用乙脂前体药的形式代替,后者在局部效应和毒性模型中显示有较好的治疗指数。结构中引入烟酸,以保证他扎罗汀乙脂迅速代谢成亲水性游离酸(他扎罗汀酸)的形式,从而避免药物在体内积蓄及嗜脂性维A酸类药半衰期长的问题。将硫原子引入嗜脂环,以利于分子适当的被细胞色素同工酶快速代谢成硫的氧化型,即亚砜和砜。这种氧化途径使药物在体内迅速代谢,活性消失。2 作用机制[3,4]
2.1 受体选择性 他扎罗汀通过活化细胞核受体调节基因转录引发生物学作用。该药是前体药不与维A酸核受体结合,其活性代谢产物(他扎罗汀酸)与二种维A酸受体(RAR-β,RAR-γ)有高度亲合力并激活靶受体,但不与任何维A酸X受体(RXRs)结合,特殊的受体选择性使生物学介导途径专一,可避免较广泛的药理作用而引起的副作用。
2.2对基因转录的作用 活化的他扎罗汀酸—受体复合物与靶基因启动因子区域维A酸反应素(RARE)结合,而使之活化直接调节基因转录(直接作用);同时也与核转录因子蛋白(如致癌蛋白AP1,核因子白介素6 NF-IL6)结合,负向调节(间接作用)这些因子在多种增生和炎症性疾病中上调,药物对基因直接、间接作用是其抗增生和抗炎症的主要作用机理。
目录:
1 名称、化学结构、构效关系和代谢[1,2]
2 作用机制[3,4]
3 药代动力学及安全性
4 临床应用
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