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摘要 自从Lerner（1958）年从牛的松果腺中分离鉴定出褪黑素以来，有关松果腺的研究取得许多重要进展，在光暗周期的影响下松果腺分泌褪黑素具有明显的昼夜节律性，这是生物体与自然环境变化同步的重要环节。此外，褪黑素与机体的生长、发育、成熟和衰老过程密切相关，还具有调节神经内分泌系统和免疫系统的作用。本文简述了有关松果腺及褪黑素的的研究概况及某些进展。
关键词： 松果腺 褪黑素 进展
松果腺位于脑部，因外形酷似树的球果而得名。就是对于这个小小腺体功能的认识上却最具有神秘的色彩。它曾被奉为人类的“灵魂所在”，又曾被称为动物的“第三只眼”，而至近代又曾一度被现代医学贬为“退化的视觉器官”。早在1917年，Mac cord和Allen就发现了牛的松果腺提取物能使青蛙的皮肤褪色。但直至40年以后，Lerner及其同带们从牛的松果腺中分离并鉴定出褪黑素（松果腺的主要激素：Melatonin，褪黑素），由此开创了松果腺功能研究的新纪元[1，2]。六十年代初期，Axelrod和Weissbach等人确定了由色氨酸合成褪黑素的生化过程，Wurtman等人证实了光照调节褪黑素合成的作用[3，4]。松果腺通过分泌褪黑素的昼夜节律把光照信息转化为化学信号：褪黑素（被称为“表达黑暗的化学信号”）。褪黑素是生物体与自然界环境同步的重要环节。此外，褪黑素的拮抗性激素作用已在啮齿类中得以证实。褪黑素与生物体的生长、发育、成熟和衰老过程密切相关，并对神经内分泌系统和免疫系统具有重要的调节作用。本文拟就有关松果腺和褪黑素的生化合成概况及某些研究进展做一简要介绍。
目录：
1 松果腺
2 褪黑素
3 褪黑素合成昼夜节律的调控
4 褪黑素的作用
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Pineal and Melatonin:physiopathological aspects.
Zhao Zi-Yan(Ph.D)Li Shao-Yan*
Institute of Materia Medica,
Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences,89 Jingshi Rd,250062 Jinan,
Shandong.P.R.China
According Mainly to the circadian light-dark cycle,the pineal gland secretes melatonin(the main pineal hormone),which works as the chemical expression of the darkness for synchronizing
