北京市休闲观光农业可持续发展研究
The Research on the Sustainable Development of Leisure & Sightseeing Agriculture in Beijing
【中文摘要】 随着城市化的加快和收入水平的提高,休闲观光农业越来越受到京城消费者的青睐,近年来北京市休闲观光农业处于快速增长的高峰期。但是,与发达国家和我国的台湾地区相比,北京市的休闲观光农业仍然处于发展的初级阶段,在发展过程中存在着各种问题,如生态保育不足、乡村性破坏、产品单一以及体验性产品缺乏等。这些问题从根本上制约了北京市休闲观光农业的可持续发展。以往关于休闲观光农业可持续性的研究主要存在两大局限,一是集中于对影响休闲观光农业可持续发展某一因素的研究,缺乏从生态保育、需求支持和供给现状方面对该产业永续发展能力的全盘考量;二是现有研究主要采用世界公认的可持续发展框架研究这一产业的发展持续性,即可持续发展包括经济、生态、文化的持续发展和发展中的公平问题,但休闲农业作为一种新型产业,有着自身的规律,我们需要一种全新的分析框架。休闲观光农业的持续性发展首先需要考虑其需求的持续性,同时我们需要考虑在供给层面哪些因素影响着休闲观光农业的利润获取和产品服务的竞争力。因此本文从需求和供给两大视角构建了休闲观光农业可持续研究的具体框架。在需求方面,都市化的加快、收入增加、休闲时间的增加以及交通条件的改善给北京市休闲观光农业的发展带来了强劲的需求支持;但北京休闲观光农业存在较多替代品,因此,如果北京休闲观光农业不能提供别具特色的产品与服务,可能在旅游市场上竞争失败。在供给方面,北京乡村地区优异的自然生态条件和丰富的民俗文化资源为北京市休闲观光农业的发展提供了得天独厚的条件,但京郊地区在发展休闲农业的过程中存在的生态保育不足、产品和服务同构性过强、体验性服务不足等问题严重影响了休闲观光农业的生态、经济和社会可持续发展。虽然如此,北京市的休闲观光农业也不乏经营成功的案例,关于蟹岛生态旅游度假村的案例分析表明通过加强生态保育和开发特色产品该产业的可持续发展能力有很大的提升空间。针对北京市休闲观光农业发展过程中出现的一系列问题,实现首都休闲观光农业可持续发展能力的提高,我们必须采取如下对策。在管理上,要加强相关法规建设,加强生态保育,维护该产业的乡村性;在产品开发方面,要注重挖掘文化内涵,注重特色产品和体验性产品的开发;在产业开发规划过程中,要注重社区参与和社区合作。
【英文摘要】 With the accelerating development of urbanization and the increasing of the income, Leisure & Sightseeing Agriculture is becoming more and more popular. In recent years, the development of this industry is on its flourishing period. However, compared with some developed countries and our Taiwan province, the Recreational & Sightseeing Agriculture in Beijing is still in its initial stage. There are many problems during the process of developing Leisure Agriculture, such as the lack of ecological conservation, the destruction of rurality, the singleness of the product and the lack of leisure involvement. These problems restrict the sustainable development of Leisure Agriculture in Beijing. There are two limits in the past researches. Firstly, the past studies often focus on one factor that affects the sustainable development of Leisure Agriculture, the deficiency is that it is lack of a overall concept of this industry. Secondly, the predecessors analyze this subject in the framework of world acceptable theory for sustainable development, which emphasizes the economic growth, the protection of the ecological environment and the equality . However, as a emerging industry, it has its own characteristics and laws , we‘d better construct a new framework .The continuous demand is the precondition for the sustainable development of the Leisure & Sightseeing Agriculture in Beijing. What’s more? We should consider that what factors have a intimate relationship with the competitive power for Leisure Agriculture in Beijing. Therefore, we construct a new framework for this special study form the viewpoint of the demand and supply . In the respect of demand, with the accelerating of urbanization, the increasing of the income and the leisure time, the improving traffic conditions , the publics in Beijing have an urging demand on Recreational Agriculture now .Considering too many substitutes for the products of this emerging industry , it will be defeated by its opponents unless it offers some distinguishing products and services . In the respect of supply , the excellent ecological environment and the plentiful rural culture resources are prominent precondition for this industry . But the problems which contains lack protection of the ecological system , the homogeneity for products and the lack of leisure involvement have bad effects on the healthy development for this industry .However ,there are still many successful cases in Recreational Agriculture in Beijing . The case study of XIEDAO Ecological Holiday Village demonstrates that we can strengthen the industry’s capability of sustainable development a lot by the protection of ecology and developing distinguishing services.According to the problems that exist in this industry in Beijing, we must adopt the following strategies to promote its healthy development . In respect of manage system, we must complete the laws and policies to protect the ecological environment and maintain the rurality in suburban district. On developing products and services, we should excavate cultural connotation and develop some distinguishing products and leisure involvement services .In the course of exploiting Leisure Agriculture, it is necessary to emphasize community participation and Community cooperation.
【中文关键词】 休闲观光农业; 可持续发展; 需求; 供给
【英文关键词】 Leisure & Sightseeing Agriculture; sustainable development; demand; supply
