中文摘要:公路是国家经济建设和国防建设的基础设施,交通设施的发展和进步已经成为了衡量一个国家和地区是否发达的重要标志。
自建国以来我国的公路建设就取得了巨大的成就,为人们的出行提供了极大的方便,也对我国的经济建设做出了巨大的贡献。但是随着公路建设取得巨大成就的同时,由于各类路政管理信息和和数据变得越来越巨大和复杂,传统的手工文件式管理方式在公路建设的管理和维护中所暴露的不足也日益明显起来。
计算机技术和空间信息技术,特别是3S技术(遥感RS, 全球卫星定位系统 GPS,地理信息系统GIS)的出现和发展对解决上述矛盾提供了可能。本课题就着重于GPS和GIS技术的集成来解决和实现公路管理中的问题。本系统在地理信息系统和GPS的集成应用和公路管理需求研究的基础上,结合对公路管理信息系统的研究,提出了一种基于地理信息系统和GPS集成在公路管理信息系统中的应用模式。从公路管理的需求出发,以地理信息系统和车载GPS为基础,解决基于地理规则的管理,以办公自动化系统为手段,解决基于业务和行政的管理,实现公路管理的可视化。
关键字:公路,全球卫星定位系统(GPS) 遥感(RS) 地理信息系统(GIS) 3S 集成 ,
Abstract
Highway is the very important infrastructure of the country’s economy and defence development. Around the word, there is no country and no region’s economy development has nothing to do with the development of traffic transport. So the development and advancement of the traffic transport has become a very important sign of scaling to evaluate the country’s economy.
Our country has obtained great efforts in the highway’s construction since the foundation of our great mother land, so that not only people can go everywhere conveniencely but also devoting to the development of our economy. But at the same time, because of more and more traffic information and data, the traditional file pattern traffic management is becoming more and more hard to deal with this situation.
The computer and spacial information technology, especially the 3S technology including Remote Sensing (RS) ,Global Positioning System(GPS) and Geographic Information System(GIS) can resolve this problem. So in this thesis I will focus on the integration of GPS and GIS to resolve the problem of traffic management. On the basis of research of the application of the integration of GIS and GPS and the requirement of road management, an application scheme of GIS in Road Sight System is proposed. It uses GIS and GPS to fulfill the geographic rules management, uses OA (Office Automation) to fulfill the business and administrative rules management. This application scheme fully utilizes the advantage of computer technology to visualize the management of road.
Keywords: Road GPS GIS RS 3S Integration
第1章 引言
1.1 问题的提出和本文的背景
随着我国国民经济的飞速发展,对交通基础设施建设的需求愈加迫切。交通部和国家统计局2005年联合组织实施的第二次全国公路普查工作表明,到2005年12月31日,全国公路总公里为167.98万公里,其中等级公路131.59万公里;全国共有公路桥梁27.88万座,全国公路密度为17.5公里/百平方公里。较1949年增长了14倍。解放时我国没有独立的汽车工业,而目前我国汽车产量超过百万辆,公路客运量由1800万人次增加到120.5亿人次,增长668倍,公路货运量由8亿吨公里增加到5272亿吨公里,增加658倍,公路客运量占综合客运量的比例由13.1%增加为19.9%,旅客周转量由5.2%上升到55.3%,货运量由50.0%上升到76.5%,货运周转量由3.7%上升到13.8%。由此可见,我国公路建设达到了比较高的水平。