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说明:摘要:
管理层持股与公司绩效关系的研究是一个古老的命题,旨在为解决代理
问题和股权激励提供理论依据。国内外的实证研究结论主要有三种:不相关、正相关和非线性相关。究其原因在于市场背景不同、假设不同、数据不同等。中国股票市场历史短,不成熟,股权分置改革后,所有股票都可以流通,股东的利益趋于一致。在此全新背景下,研究管理层持股与公司绩效的关系,可以为股权激励提供理论指导,具有很强的现实意义。
股权分置改革后,股票市场有效性增强,股价对公司绩效的反映更为真实,所有股东更为重视公司股票在二级市场上的表现。实行股权激励计划的公司,管理层出于所持股票市值的考虑会更加努力经营公司,使管理层的利益与股东的利益趋于一致。论文在全流通的市场环境下,研究管理层持股与公司绩效是否有显著的正相关关系?第一大股东为国有股和社会法人股两种情况下持股激励效果是否有差异性?何种股权结构二者关系更强?管理层持股在不同公司规模下激励效果如何?为不同类型的上市公司实行管理层持股激励措施提供实证参考。
论文用因子分析法衡量公司绩效,以管理层持股比例作为解释变量,选取公司规模、股权结构和第一大股东股权性质三个控制变量,筛选沪深两市95家上市公司2007年年报数据为考察样本。通过因子分析和回归分析得到以下结论:总体而言,上市公司的管理层持股没有对其公司绩效产生了显著的正向影响;第一大股东股权性质为国有股和社会法人股的两类上市公司,管理层持股对公司经营绩效都不存在显著的正相关关系;股权分散或公司规模50亿以上的上市公司管理层持股对公司绩效呈显著的正相关关系,管理层持股激励效果明显;当管理层持股比例在0^-0.078%之间时,公司绩效随管理层持股比例的增加下降。在0.078%^''0.728%的区间里,公司绩效随管理层持股比例的增加而上升。但当管理层持股比例在0.728%^''2%之间时,公司绩效又随管理层持股比例的增加而下降。
关键词:管理层持股;公司绩效;股权结构;因子分析
Abstract :The study on the relation of managerial ownership and corporate performance is anancient proposition in order to provide a theoretical basis for agency problem and equityincentive.Through the study on the relation of the managerial ownership and corporateperformance,both domestic and foreign scholars don''t draw consistency of the conclusions and think it is irrelevant (endogenous), significant positive ornon-linear.The reason lies in thebackground of different markets, different assumptions, dii<ferent data and so on. In this newbackground,this study can provide theoretical guidance for equity incentive and have a greatpractical significance.
After the full circulation,the effectiveness of the stock market is enhanced and the shareprice reaction to the company''s performance is more real. All the shareholders play moreattention to the performance of the company shares in the secondary market. Managementwhose companys implement equity incentive will be more efforts to operate companies for the their held shares. Under the new market environment, this paper makes a detailed study offour questions: is there a significant positive correlation between the managerial ownershipand corporate performanc?Is there any differences of the equity incentive effect between thetwo circumstances,which the ownership property of the the largest shareholder is tate-ownedshares and the social legal shares is the largest shareholder.In which ownership structure willthe relation between the two be stronger?What will the incentive effect of managerialownership be under defferent corporate scale? This paper will provide necessary evidencesfor managerial ownership incentive implemented by different types of listed companies.
This paper uses factor analysis to measure corporate performance.The rate of themanagerial ownership is taken as explanatory variables.The company scale,equity structureand ownership property of the the largest shareholder are selected for control variable.Thispaper adopts the 2007 annual report data of 95 listed companies from Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange markets as the samples.Through factor analysis and regression analysis, thispapaer gets the following conclusions:wholly speaking, the managerial ownership doesn''thave a significant positive impact on corporate performance in listed companies.Managerialownership does not have insignificant effect on corporate performance between the twocircumstances, which the ownership property of the the largest shareholder is tate-ownedshares and the social legal shares is the largest shareholder.Managerial ownership has asi ficant positive impact on corporate performance in the listed companies whose companyscale are over 5 billion or whose equity are decentralized.When the rate of managerial ownership is between 0 to 0.078 percent,corporate performance declines with the addition ofthe rate of managerial ownership.When it is between 0.078 to 0.728 percent,corporateperformance rises with the addition of the rate of managerial ownership.When the rate ofmanagerial ownership is between 0.728 to 0.2 percent,corporate performance declines withthe addition of the rate of managerial ownership.
Key Words: Managerial Ownership;Corporate Performance; Equity Structure; Factor Analysis
绪论
研究背景和意义
1. 1. 1研究背景
当前,公司管理层持股正受到国内外理论界、政府和公司的高度关注。在欧美等成熟市场,管理层持股被视为解决现代企业委托—代理问题的重要途径,是促进公司高管与股东形成利益共同体的有力手段。美国经验证明,八十年代蓬勃发展起来的管理层持股制度在促进公司价值创造、推进经济增长等方面发挥了积极作用,被认为是美国新经济的推动器。另一方面,在九十年代后期,美国的公司治理模式逐渐暴露出许多问题,出现了一系列大公司和会计事务所丑闻。其中引人注目的是上市公司高管人员的过高薪酬,尤其是薪酬中股票期权的滥用引发了广泛的质疑和争议,导致公司高管薪酬的“完美风暴" 0 2003年美国的微软公司和花旗集团宣布放弃股票期权制度将这种质疑推向高潮。学术界、政府和市场各参与主体对管理层持股的作用、与公司治理的关系、相关配套的制度进行反思和重新审视。
目录:摘要
Abstract
1绪论
1.1研究背景和意义
1.1.1研究背景
1.1.2研究意义
1.2国内外研究现状
1.2.1国外研究现状
1.2.2国内研究现状
1.3研究内容、技术路线和创新点
2管理层持股与公司绩效的相关理论
2.1管理层持股的理论基础
2.1.1委托代理理论
2.1.2人力资本理论
2.2管理层持股与公司绩效的理论分析
2.2.1管理层持股与公司绩效相关论
2.2.2管理层持股与公司绩效无关论
2.3管理层持股发生作用的条件
2.3.1配套机制
2.3.2外部环境
2.3.3企业特征的影响
2.3.4管理层特征的影响
3管理层持股与公司绩效关系模型构建
3.1管理层持股的衡量
3.1.1管理层的界定
3.1.2管理层持股的界定
3.2公司绩效的衡量
3.2.1绩效评价的常用方法
3.2.2绩效评价方法的选择
3.2.3财务指标的选取
3.4.1研究假设
3.4.2模型构建
管理层持股与公司绩效的实证分析
4.1样本的选取与统计描述
4.1.1样本的选取
4.1.2样本的统计描述
4.2财务绩效的因子分析
4.3实证分析
4.4实证结果分析及相关建议
4.4.1实证结果分析
4.4.2完善管理层持股的相关建议论
参考文献
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作者点评:论公司管理层持股和绩效关系