从迷茫的玛尔特的悲剧看女性存在的社会价值
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资料包括： 论文(20页5590字)
说明：
摘 要：小说《红与黑》中，女主人翁玛尔特受法国革命的影响，有了朦胧的女性自我意识，但她却找不到证实自我存在的正确道路，最终导致了她的爱情乃至一生的悲剧。玛尔特的悲剧预示着在父权的世界里，女性自我意识的出现最终会被扼杀在父权这个巨大的阴影下。本论文的观点是女性作为一个独立的社会人，她们有其自身的社会价值，并且应该同男性一样平等地生活在这个两性的世界里。论文通过对玛尔特的悲剧性的分析，对女性传统价值对其社会价值影响的陈述，试图说明女性怎样寻找其社会存在价值。
关键词：悲剧性；女性价值；自我意识；存在；父权
Abstract
In the novel Red and Black, the heroine Mathlide is deeply influenced by French Revolution, which brought her self-awareness as a woman. However, she couldn’t find out a right way to certify her social value of existence, which at last caused the tragedy of her love and all of her life. Mathilde’s tragedy indicates that women’s self-awareness would be killed under the patriarchy culture. This paper points out that as independent individuals in society, women have their own social values. They are equal with men in the gender world. Through the analysis of the tragedy of Mathlide, and the statement about women traditional values which effect on their social values of existence, this paper tries to explain how women find out their social values of existence.
Key Words
Tragedy; female value; self-awareness; existence; patriarchy
Introduction
The French Revolution broke out in the 18th century. Its aim was to weed out feudalism. In order to realize this intention, French nascent bourgeoisies declared: “Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity”. But that slogan excluded women. At that time, Olympe de Gouge, a French woman leader published her famous Declaration on the Right of Female citizens in 1791, which is regarded as the beginning of Women Movement. From then on, women have been fighting for their rights again and again all over the world.
However, women’s self-awareness couldn’t be accepted in Bourbon Restoration time. In 1804, the French Civil Code declared in the 213 item: “A husband should protect his wife, and his wife should obey her husband”, and in the 225 item “A woman must submit her husband and church.” In that time, female was not admitted to be equal with men in their status and thoughts. They were considered as men’s subsidiary’s stuffs.
In the novel Red and Black, the heroine Mathilde, a marquis’s daughter, lived in Bourbon Restoration time when women’s thoughts were totally controlled by religion and patriarchy. However, she was deeply influenced by some women leaders in the 18th French Revolution. Just as she said: “If there is a Revolution, why shouldn’t Julien Sorel play the part of Roland, and I that of Mrs. Roland? I prefer her role to Mrs. De Stael’s: immoral conduct will hold you back in our century.”(Si Tangda, 2002, 366). Her tragedy comes from her obscure women self-awareness that couldn’t be admitted in her time. In the novel, Mathlide’s social value only came from Julien’s love for her. But, the love was lost at last. It means a victory of the patriarchy.
This paper will try to explain and discuss the women social value of existence from the following three aspects. First, the paper is to analyze the tragedy of Mathlide. Second, it is about some effects of women’s traditional values on their social value of existence. The third part is about how women win their social value.
目录：
Abstract………………………………………………………………..…………I
Key Words…………………………………………………………………………….I
摘 要……………………………………………………………….……………….II
关键词………………………………………………………………….…..II
Introduction……………………………………………………………………..….….1
I. Analysis of the Tragedy of Mathlide………………………………………………2
A. Some Effects of the Women’s Thoughts of French Revolution on Mathlide……..2
B. Mathlide’s Value of Existence…………………………………………………….4
C. The Conflict Between Julien’s Traditional Values and Mathlide’s Contradictory Woman’s Awareness………………………………………………………………4
II. Analysis of the Effects of Women’s Traditional Values on Their Social Values of Existence…………………………………………………………………………..5
A. Women’s Traditional Values…………………………………………………….5
B. The Discrimination in Women’s Working and Living Conditions……… … …..6
1. Gender Discrimination in Work…………………………………………….6
2. Gender Discrimination in Living …………………………………………….7
C. Searching for the Cause of the Women’s Tradition……………………………8
III. The Way to Win Social Values…………………………………………..9
A. Rejection of the Unfair Images ………………………………………………..9
B. Independence in Economy……………………………………………..…….9
C. Freedom of Thoughts………………………………………….………………11
D. Getting Rid of Patriarchy………….………………………………………11
Conclusion……………………………………………………………….…….……..13
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………..14
Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………….15
参考文献：
Christine L.Williams. Gender differences at work. London: University of California Press, 1989
Gayle Green and coppelia kahned. Making a difference: Feminist Criticism. London: Methuen Press, 1985
Elizabeth Grose. Three French feminist. George Allen and Unwind publishers Ltd Press, 1989
Margoret Whitford. Philosophy in the feminine. London and New York: Routledge Press, 1991
Simoe De Beauvoir: The second sex. London and New York: Routledge Press, 1987
贝蒂．弗里丹．返航回家[J]．北京:美国嘹望,1997.(4)
陈慧芬．神话的窥破[M]．上海：上海社会科学院出版社，1996．
斐吉尼亚.伍尔夫，王还．一间自己的屋子[M]．北京：三联书店，1989．
佳乐．恋爱与女权[J].南京: 南京大学HPAIR杂志,2006. (2)
康正果．女权主义与文学[M]．北京：中国社会科学出版社，1994．
陆贵山、周忠厚．马克思主义与文学概论[M]．北京：中国人民大学出版社，2001．
闵冬潮．国际妇女运动-1789-1989[M]．河南，河南人民出版社，1991．
司汤达．红与黑[M]．新疆：伊犁人民出版社，2002．
盛宁．外国文学评论[J]． 北京：世界文学杂志社，2006．(6)
[15] 吴绪．十八世纪末法国资产阶级革命[M]．北京：商务印书馆出版，1989．
[16] 徐显明．人权研究第二卷[M]．济南：山东人民出版社，2001．
[17] 张岩冰．女权主义文论[M]．济南：山东教育出版社，1998．
[18] 詹妮特•A•克莱妮．李燕译．女权主义哲学-问题，理论和应用[M]．北京：东方出版社，2006．
作者点评：
从迷茫的玛尔特的悲剧看女性存在的社会价值
Through the analysis of the tragedy of the confused Mathlide, this paper points out Mathlide’s tragedy doesn’t come from her lost love from Julien, but her obscure women self-awareness has filed. Mathilde’s tragedy is a tragedy of whole women history. To trace back history, women have been despised because of their inferior social positions. In the developing of the human history, women have suffered a lot. Now, women are beginning to be aware of their existence in society. However, their traditional values make them more confused. Such as either to be a good house wife stay at home or go out to work.
In the view of traditional values, how to please men and to be their substitutes is an important thing for women to do. In that way, women couldn’t be equal with men in their thoughts and status. However, women’s positions are not innate, but defined by the patriarchy society.
This paper has tried to find out some ways to show women’s social values.
Feminist’s purpose is to improve the self-awareness of most of women. In the strong patriarchy society, feminists strive to struggle for their rights.
Women should reject the unfair images given by religion to win their independence in economy and go out patriarchy. Those efforts can help them get rid of the terrible inferiority which is imposed by men, and be independence individual living in society.
资料包括： 论文(20页5590字)
说明：
摘 要：小说《红与黑》中，女主人翁玛尔特受法国革命的影响，有了朦胧的女性自我意识，但她却找不到证实自我存在的正确道路，最终导致了她的爱情乃至一生的悲剧。玛尔特的悲剧预示着在父权的世界里，女性自我意识的出现最终会被扼杀在父权这个巨大的阴影下。本论文的观点是女性作为一个独立的社会人，她们有其自身的社会价值，并且应该同男性一样平等地生活在这个两性的世界里。论文通过对玛尔特的悲剧性的分析，对女性传统价值对其社会价值影响的陈述，试图说明女性怎样寻找其社会存在价值。
关键词：悲剧性；女性价值；自我意识；存在；父权
Abstract
In the novel Red and Black, the heroine Mathlide is deeply influenced by French Revolution, which brought her self-awareness as a woman. However, she couldn’t find out a right way to certify her social value of existence, which at last caused the tragedy of her love and all of her life. Mathilde’s tragedy indicates that women’s self-awareness would be killed under the patriarchy culture. This paper points out that as independent individuals in society, women have their own social values. They are equal with men in the gender world. Through the analysis of the tragedy of Mathlide, and the statement about women traditional values which effect on their social values of existence, this paper tries to explain how women find out their social values of existence.
Key Words
Tragedy; female value; self-awareness; existence; patriarchy
Introduction
The French Revolution broke out in the 18th century. Its aim was to weed out feudalism. In order to realize this intention, French nascent bourgeoisies declared: “Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity”. But that slogan excluded women. At that time, Olympe de Gouge, a French woman leader published her famous Declaration on the Right of Female citizens in 1791, which is regarded as the beginning of Women Movement. From then on, women have been fighting for their rights again and again all over the world.
However, women’s self-awareness couldn’t be accepted in Bourbon Restoration time. In 1804, the French Civil Code declared in the 213 item: “A husband should protect his wife, and his wife should obey her husband”, and in the 225 item “A woman must submit her husband and church.” In that time, female was not admitted to be equal with men in their status and thoughts. They were considered as men’s subsidiary’s stuffs.
In the novel Red and Black, the heroine Mathilde, a marquis’s daughter, lived in Bourbon Restoration time when women’s thoughts were totally controlled by religion and patriarchy. However, she was deeply influenced by some women leaders in the 18th French Revolution. Just as she said: “If there is a Revolution, why shouldn’t Julien Sorel play the part of Roland, and I that of Mrs. Roland? I prefer her role to Mrs. De Stael’s: immoral conduct will hold you back in our century.”(Si Tangda, 2002, 366). Her tragedy comes from her obscure women self-awareness that couldn’t be admitted in her time. In the novel, Mathlide’s social value only came from Julien’s love for her. But, the love was lost at last. It means a victory of the patriarchy.
This paper will try to explain and discuss the women social value of existence from the following three aspects. First, the paper is to analyze the tragedy of Mathlide. Second, it is about some effects of women’s traditional values on their social value of existence. The third part is about how women win their social value.
目录：
Abstract………………………………………………………………..…………I
Key Words…………………………………………………………………………….I
摘 要……………………………………………………………….……………….II
关键词………………………………………………………………….…..II
Introduction……………………………………………………………………..….….1
I. Analysis of the Tragedy of Mathlide………………………………………………2
A. Some Effects of the Women’s Thoughts of French Revolution on Mathlide……..2
B. Mathlide’s Value of Existence…………………………………………………….4
C. The Conflict Between Julien’s Traditional Values and Mathlide’s Contradictory Woman’s Awareness………………………………………………………………4
II. Analysis of the Effects of Women’s Traditional Values on Their Social Values of Existence…………………………………………………………………………..5
A. Women’s Traditional Values…………………………………………………….5
B. The Discrimination in Women’s Working and Living Conditions……… … …..6
1. Gender Discrimination in Work…………………………………………….6
2. Gender Discrimination in Living …………………………………………….7
C. Searching for the Cause of the Women’s Tradition……………………………8
III. The Way to Win Social Values…………………………………………..9
A. Rejection of the Unfair Images ………………………………………………..9
B. Independence in Economy……………………………………………..…….9
C. Freedom of Thoughts………………………………………….………………11
D. Getting Rid of Patriarchy………….………………………………………11
Conclusion……………………………………………………………….…….……..13
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………..14
Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………….15
参考文献：
Christine L.Williams. Gender differences at work. London: University of California Press, 1989
Gayle Green and coppelia kahned. Making a difference: Feminist Criticism. London: Methuen Press, 1985
Elizabeth Grose. Three French feminist. George Allen and Unwind publishers Ltd Press, 1989
Margoret Whitford. Philosophy in the feminine. London and New York: Routledge Press, 1991
Simoe De Beauvoir: The second sex. London and New York: Routledge Press, 1987
贝蒂．弗里丹．返航回家[J]．北京:美国嘹望,1997.(4)
陈慧芬．神话的窥破[M]．上海：上海社会科学院出版社，1996．
斐吉尼亚.伍尔夫，王还．一间自己的屋子[M]．北京：三联书店，1989．
佳乐．恋爱与女权[J].南京: 南京大学HPAIR杂志,2006. (2)
康正果．女权主义与文学[M]．北京：中国社会科学出版社，1994．
陆贵山、周忠厚．马克思主义与文学概论[M]．北京：中国人民大学出版社，2001．
闵冬潮．国际妇女运动-1789-1989[M]．河南，河南人民出版社，1991．
司汤达．红与黑[M]．新疆：伊犁人民出版社，2002．
盛宁．外国文学评论[J]． 北京：世界文学杂志社，2006．(6)
[15] 吴绪．十八世纪末法国资产阶级革命[M]．北京：商务印书馆出版，1989．
[16] 徐显明．人权研究第二卷[M]．济南：山东人民出版社，2001．
[17] 张岩冰．女权主义文论[M]．济南：山东教育出版社，1998．
[18] 詹妮特•A•克莱妮．李燕译．女权主义哲学-问题，理论和应用[M]．北京：东方出版社，2006．
作者点评：
从迷茫的玛尔特的悲剧看女性存在的社会价值
Through the analysis of the tragedy of the confused Mathlide, this paper points out Mathlide’s tragedy doesn’t come from her lost love from Julien, but her obscure women self-awareness has filed. Mathilde’s tragedy is a tragedy of whole women history. To trace back history, women have been despised because of their inferior social positions. In the developing of the human history, women have suffered a lot. Now, women are beginning to be aware of their existence in society. However, their traditional values make them more confused. Such as either to be a good house wife stay at home or go out to work.
In the view of traditional values, how to please men and to be their substitutes is an important thing for women to do. In that way, women couldn’t be equal with men in their thoughts and status. However, women’s positions are not innate, but defined by the patriarchy society.
This paper has tried to find out some ways to show women’s social values.
Feminist’s purpose is to improve the self-awareness of most of women. In the strong patriarchy society, feminists strive to struggle for their rights.
Women should reject the unfair images given by religion to win their independence in economy and go out patriarchy. Those efforts can help them get rid of the terrible inferiority which is imposed by men, and be independence individual living in society.