中学英语教学中的肢体语言的应用
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资料包括： 论文(22页6040字)
说明：
摘 要：肢体语言,在课堂上被广泛运用。同时在英语教学中，它扮演着非常重要的角色，它可以增加语言信息输入的刺激强度，给学习者留下深刻的印象，是有声语言的重要补充。一方面，它能完全激励学生学习兴趣,也是与人交流的工具，不需要用我们的发声器官，仅需要身体的参与。在阐述一些细微的语言概念时，肢体语言能担当非常好的帮手，英语学习也不在枯燥乏味；另一方面，教师能更好的了解学生，了解他们的思想、行为。因此，教师应发展读取学生肢体语言的技巧。不仅仅如此，肢体语言能帮助学生提高听、说、读、写的水平，帮助师生之间建立起良好的关系。在现代教学中，教师首先得做学生的朋友，而肢体语言缩小了师生间的差距。教师在教学中不要忽视肢体语言，它是与他人交流和表达自己的良好工具。它能帮助教师达到一个更高的教学目标，能促进师生间的互相了解。因此，在英语教学中，教师应重视肢体语言并合理地应用它。
关键词：肢体语言，英语教学，手势，教学手段
Abstract
Body language has been widely used in communication out of class. At the same time, it plays a very important role in English teaching. It can be vocal language’s vital complement by intensifying the language information retention and leaving the students deeper impression. On one hand, it can completely stir the students. Moreover, it is a tool to communicate with others, and it does not need our vocal organ, but participation of the parts of body. In expressing some subtle ideas, body language can be a very good helper in English teaching, so English study is not dull any more. On the other hand, the teachers can have a better understanding about the students, their thoughts and their behaviors. The teachers need to develop a skill to read the students’ body language. Moreover, it help the students to improve lessening, speaking, reading and writing level, and the teachers and the students can develop a good relationship. In modern teaching, the teachers need to be the students’ friends firstly, and body language narrows the gap between the teachers and the students. The teachers should never ignore it in English teaching. Because not only it is a good tool to communicate with others and express oneself, but it can help the teachers achieve a higher teaching goal and further mutual understanding between the teachers and the students. Therefore, in English class, the teachers should pay enough attention to body language and properly use it.
Key Words
Body language; English teaching; gesture; teaching tactics
Introduction
The teachers spread knowledge mainly by verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Many researches have been carried out on verbal behaviors from macroscopic to microscopic. And these researches and achievements have carried class teaching to a new stage and made teaching be much improved. However, nonverbal communication that is another very important way to spread information is overlooked.
Nobody knows when nonverbal communication as a kind of teaching method to be used by human began. Somebody think ancient Greek from B.C.400 to 600 had interests in nonverbal communication (Malandro, 1989); but others hold the view that the time is convincing argument time, because people at that time usually used gestures and body movement in speech; the last view is 1872 when Darwin explained relationship between animal movement and human movement, he should be the father of modern nonverbal communication. In modern times, some scholars have been studying human nonverbal behavior, special body language. They set nonverbal communication as a new branch.
In 1940, some scholars, such as F. Boas, E. Sapir，W. LaBrre，D. Efron and so on were in America ,(Zhuang,2000).They definitely pointed out human body movement code can be revealed(idib).Then there were four studying body language pioneers: R.Birdwhistell，E.Goffman，A.E.shelfen and A.Kendon(idib). In 1960s, studying body language reached a climax (idib). In America, hundreds of researchers studied the new branch of learning nonverbal behavior from former disciplines (idib).
What kind of relationship exists between body language and English teaching? Middle school teachers face the adolescent students who are easily influenced by others .The students not only absorb thinking，knowledge through the teachers’ words, but get kinds of information and positive or negative influence from the teachers’ body language. Their bright eyes are like video cameras, so the teachers’ figures，behavior and expression can not escape from their eyes. They also imitate and study the teachers’ behavior. Though some teachers do not have a clear idea about the influence and they just only use verbal language to teach the students, actually they transmit much information by their varied body language to the students; moreover they influence the students’ intelligence and inner world.
So we can say without varied, harmonious body language, there are no vivid and moving effects. If the teachers without several of expression transmit knowledge in class, at this moment, they just are megaphones. They are not respectable, interesting and humor teachers (Li.2004).
Without varied and harmonious body language, there are no intimate harmonious relationship between the teachers and the students. An understanding look, a kind smile etc. are beyond thousands of words. Thereby the teachers can easily influence the students.
Therefore, in English class, the teachers should pay enough attention to body language and properly use it. Because body language is a tool to communicate with others and express oneself, thereby the teachers should never ignore it in English teaching. In the process of teaching, body language can help the teachers achieve a higher goal. Moreover, the teachers and the students have a clearly understanding about each other.
目录：
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Key Words………………………………………………………………………….Ⅰ
摘要………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅱ
关键词………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅱ
Introduction………………………………………………………………………….1
Ⅰ. The Definition of Body Language………………………………………………3
Ⅱ. Advantages of Body Language in English Teaching……………………………..3
A. Stirring Students’Interest……………………………………………………….3
B. Expressing Themselves Better ……………………………………………..4
C. Understanding Students Clearly……………………………………………….5
Ⅲ.The Application of Body Language in English Teaching………………………6
A. Situation of English Teaching……………………………………………….6
1. Students’ Attitude Towards English……………………………………6
2. Teachers’ Techniques of English Teaching ………………………………..6
B. Body Language Involved in English Teaching………………………………7
1. Teaching of Texts…………………………………………………………….7
2. Teaching of Grammar for Beginners ………………………………………8
3. Teaching of Grammar for Upper-grade Learners…………………………10
4. Teaching of Listening……………………………………………………….12
5. Teaching of Oral English…………………………………………………12
6. Teaching of Reading ……………………………………………………….13
7. Teaching of Writing………………………………………………………14
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………15
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………..16
Bibliography ………………………………………………………………………17
参考文献：
Cooper, Pamela. Speech Communication for the Classroom Teaching[M]. 3rd ed. New York: Gorsuch Scarisbrick Publishers.1988.
Fries, Charles. Teaching and learning English as a Foreign Language[M].New York: Gorsuch Scarisbrick Publishers .1975.
Hall, E.T. The Silent Language[M].Washington: Anchor Books. 1977
Harrison, R.P. Beyond Words: An Introduction to Nonverbal Communication[M]. New York: Prentice-Hall.1974.
Malandro, Barker. Nonverbal Communication[M]. 2nd ed. London: Newbery Award Records.1989.
毕继万. 跨文化非语言交际[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社. 2001.
何克抗. 现代教育技术[M]. 北京：北京师范大学出版社.1998.
扈中平，李方，张洪俊. 现代教育学[M]. 北京：高等教育出版社.2005.
课程教材研究所，英语课程教材研究开发中心，汤姆森学习出版集团. 英语[M]. 北京：人民教育出版社. 2005.
李北达. 牛津高阶英汉双解词典[M]. 北京:商务印书馆出版社. 2002.
李如密. 教师艺术论[M].济南:山东教育出版社. 2004.
孟小平译. 体态与艺术[M].北京:北京语言学院出版社. 1988.
潘菽. 教育心理学[M].北京：人民教育出版社. 2005.
王蔷. 英语教学法教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社. 2000.
[15]庄锦英, 李振树. 教师体态语艺术[M].济南:山东教育出版社. 2000.
作者点评：
中学英语教学中的肢体语言的应用
People can communicate with one another not only through verbal communication, but also nonverbal communication, moreover, the latter plays an essential role. Body language is an important part of nonverbal communication. It is known as non-verbal behavior which transmits information through gestures, movement and facial expression. People communicate with each other by their body language in the ways of nodding, eyes contacting, shrugging and so on. According to the research, these ways can be divided into sight language, body touches, posture and gesture, manner, farcical expression, and clothes language.
The function and effect of the teachers’ body language in English class has been paid a great attention in recent years. Researches indicate that relationship between the teachers and the students will be improved if the teachers know how to effectively use body language (Hall, 1966). Moreover, the students’ cognitive ability and study efficiency will be improved. A successful English teacher not only use verbal language, but also appeal to gesture, facial expression, sight language and so on in order to get the best teaching affect. Using body language in English class can not only makes the students and the teachers know each other clearly, but creates a relaxing studying atmosphere, and stimulates students’ studying interest.
Therefore, the author has gathered and analyzed reference materials about body language and got a chance to be a visitor in English class of one middle school. At last, the paper is finished. It is mainly about advantages of body language in English teaching, body language in English text teaching, grammar teaching for beginners and upper-grade learners, listening, oral English, reading and writing teaching. Moreover, it can be beneficial for English teaching in middle school.
资料包括： 论文(22页6040字)
说明：
摘 要：肢体语言,在课堂上被广泛运用。同时在英语教学中，它扮演着非常重要的角色，它可以增加语言信息输入的刺激强度，给学习者留下深刻的印象，是有声语言的重要补充。一方面，它能完全激励学生学习兴趣,也是与人交流的工具，不需要用我们的发声器官，仅需要身体的参与。在阐述一些细微的语言概念时，肢体语言能担当非常好的帮手，英语学习也不在枯燥乏味；另一方面，教师能更好的了解学生，了解他们的思想、行为。因此，教师应发展读取学生肢体语言的技巧。不仅仅如此，肢体语言能帮助学生提高听、说、读、写的水平，帮助师生之间建立起良好的关系。在现代教学中，教师首先得做学生的朋友，而肢体语言缩小了师生间的差距。教师在教学中不要忽视肢体语言，它是与他人交流和表达自己的良好工具。它能帮助教师达到一个更高的教学目标，能促进师生间的互相了解。因此，在英语教学中，教师应重视肢体语言并合理地应用它。
关键词：肢体语言，英语教学，手势，教学手段
Abstract
Body language has been widely used in communication out of class. At the same time, it plays a very important role in English teaching. It can be vocal language’s vital complement by intensifying the language information retention and leaving the students deeper impression. On one hand, it can completely stir the students. Moreover, it is a tool to communicate with others, and it does not need our vocal organ, but participation of the parts of body. In expressing some subtle ideas, body language can be a very good helper in English teaching, so English study is not dull any more. On the other hand, the teachers can have a better understanding about the students, their thoughts and their behaviors. The teachers need to develop a skill to read the students’ body language. Moreover, it help the students to improve lessening, speaking, reading and writing level, and the teachers and the students can develop a good relationship. In modern teaching, the teachers need to be the students’ friends firstly, and body language narrows the gap between the teachers and the students. The teachers should never ignore it in English teaching. Because not only it is a good tool to communicate with others and express oneself, but it can help the teachers achieve a higher teaching goal and further mutual understanding between the teachers and the students. Therefore, in English class, the teachers should pay enough attention to body language and properly use it.
Key Words
Body language; English teaching; gesture; teaching tactics
Introduction
The teachers spread knowledge mainly by verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Many researches have been carried out on verbal behaviors from macroscopic to microscopic. And these researches and achievements have carried class teaching to a new stage and made teaching be much improved. However, nonverbal communication that is another very important way to spread information is overlooked.
Nobody knows when nonverbal communication as a kind of teaching method to be used by human began. Somebody think ancient Greek from B.C.400 to 600 had interests in nonverbal communication (Malandro, 1989); but others hold the view that the time is convincing argument time, because people at that time usually used gestures and body movement in speech; the last view is 1872 when Darwin explained relationship between animal movement and human movement, he should be the father of modern nonverbal communication. In modern times, some scholars have been studying human nonverbal behavior, special body language. They set nonverbal communication as a new branch.
In 1940, some scholars, such as F. Boas, E. Sapir，W. LaBrre，D. Efron and so on were in America ,(Zhuang,2000).They definitely pointed out human body movement code can be revealed(idib).Then there were four studying body language pioneers: R.Birdwhistell，E.Goffman，A.E.shelfen and A.Kendon(idib). In 1960s, studying body language reached a climax (idib). In America, hundreds of researchers studied the new branch of learning nonverbal behavior from former disciplines (idib).
What kind of relationship exists between body language and English teaching? Middle school teachers face the adolescent students who are easily influenced by others .The students not only absorb thinking，knowledge through the teachers’ words, but get kinds of information and positive or negative influence from the teachers’ body language. Their bright eyes are like video cameras, so the teachers’ figures，behavior and expression can not escape from their eyes. They also imitate and study the teachers’ behavior. Though some teachers do not have a clear idea about the influence and they just only use verbal language to teach the students, actually they transmit much information by their varied body language to the students; moreover they influence the students’ intelligence and inner world.
So we can say without varied, harmonious body language, there are no vivid and moving effects. If the teachers without several of expression transmit knowledge in class, at this moment, they just are megaphones. They are not respectable, interesting and humor teachers (Li.2004).
Without varied and harmonious body language, there are no intimate harmonious relationship between the teachers and the students. An understanding look, a kind smile etc. are beyond thousands of words. Thereby the teachers can easily influence the students.
Therefore, in English class, the teachers should pay enough attention to body language and properly use it. Because body language is a tool to communicate with others and express oneself, thereby the teachers should never ignore it in English teaching. In the process of teaching, body language can help the teachers achieve a higher goal. Moreover, the teachers and the students have a clearly understanding about each other.
目录：
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Key Words………………………………………………………………………….Ⅰ
摘要………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅱ
关键词………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅱ
Introduction………………………………………………………………………….1
Ⅰ. The Definition of Body Language………………………………………………3
Ⅱ. Advantages of Body Language in English Teaching……………………………..3
A. Stirring Students’Interest……………………………………………………….3
B. Expressing Themselves Better ……………………………………………..4
C. Understanding Students Clearly……………………………………………….5
Ⅲ.The Application of Body Language in English Teaching………………………6
A. Situation of English Teaching……………………………………………….6
1. Students’ Attitude Towards English……………………………………6
2. Teachers’ Techniques of English Teaching ………………………………..6
B. Body Language Involved in English Teaching………………………………7
1. Teaching of Texts…………………………………………………………….7
2. Teaching of Grammar for Beginners ………………………………………8
3. Teaching of Grammar for Upper-grade Learners…………………………10
4. Teaching of Listening……………………………………………………….12
5. Teaching of Oral English…………………………………………………12
6. Teaching of Reading ……………………………………………………….13
7. Teaching of Writing………………………………………………………14
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………15
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………..16
Bibliography ………………………………………………………………………17
参考文献：
Cooper, Pamela. Speech Communication for the Classroom Teaching[M]. 3rd ed. New York: Gorsuch Scarisbrick Publishers.1988.
Fries, Charles. Teaching and learning English as a Foreign Language[M].New York: Gorsuch Scarisbrick Publishers .1975.
Hall, E.T. The Silent Language[M].Washington: Anchor Books. 1977
Harrison, R.P. Beyond Words: An Introduction to Nonverbal Communication[M]. New York: Prentice-Hall.1974.
Malandro, Barker. Nonverbal Communication[M]. 2nd ed. London: Newbery Award Records.1989.
毕继万. 跨文化非语言交际[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社. 2001.
何克抗. 现代教育技术[M]. 北京：北京师范大学出版社.1998.
扈中平，李方，张洪俊. 现代教育学[M]. 北京：高等教育出版社.2005.
课程教材研究所，英语课程教材研究开发中心，汤姆森学习出版集团. 英语[M]. 北京：人民教育出版社. 2005.
李北达. 牛津高阶英汉双解词典[M]. 北京:商务印书馆出版社. 2002.
李如密. 教师艺术论[M].济南:山东教育出版社. 2004.
孟小平译. 体态与艺术[M].北京:北京语言学院出版社. 1988.
潘菽. 教育心理学[M].北京：人民教育出版社. 2005.
王蔷. 英语教学法教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社. 2000.
[15]庄锦英, 李振树. 教师体态语艺术[M].济南:山东教育出版社. 2000.
作者点评：
中学英语教学中的肢体语言的应用
People can communicate with one another not only through verbal communication, but also nonverbal communication, moreover, the latter plays an essential role. Body language is an important part of nonverbal communication. It is known as non-verbal behavior which transmits information through gestures, movement and facial expression. People communicate with each other by their body language in the ways of nodding, eyes contacting, shrugging and so on. According to the research, these ways can be divided into sight language, body touches, posture and gesture, manner, farcical expression, and clothes language.
The function and effect of the teachers’ body language in English class has been paid a great attention in recent years. Researches indicate that relationship between the teachers and the students will be improved if the teachers know how to effectively use body language (Hall, 1966). Moreover, the students’ cognitive ability and study efficiency will be improved. A successful English teacher not only use verbal language, but also appeal to gesture, facial expression, sight language and so on in order to get the best teaching affect. Using body language in English class can not only makes the students and the teachers know each other clearly, but creates a relaxing studying atmosphere, and stimulates students’ studying interest.
Therefore, the author has gathered and analyzed reference materials about body language and got a chance to be a visitor in English class of one middle school. At last, the paper is finished. It is mainly about advantages of body language in English teaching, body language in English text teaching, grammar teaching for beginners and upper-grade learners, listening, oral English, reading and writing teaching. Moreover, it can be beneficial for English teaching in middle school.