摘 要:量刑建议权是公诉权的内涵和细化,对于增加量刑透明度,保障被告人的权利,防止法官自由裁量权的滥用和司法腐败均具有积极意义。为此在国外,不管是大陆法系国家还是英美法系国家的检察机关,一般都具有量刑建议权,在英美法系国家中,量刑建议权更是检察机关实施辩诉交易制度不可缺少的一部分。从诉讼理论上看,量刑建议权对于实现控审分离、贯彻诉讼公开、提高诉讼效率都具有重大意义。但在我国,虽然在立法上对于量刑建议权已有所规定,但学界与实务界对于检察机关是否应当有量刑建议权仍存在争议,有的肯定,有的否定。其实,检察机关的量刑建议权只是一种程序性权力,并不会侵害法院的审判权,我国也有必要建立一种合理的量刑建议权。在构建我国量刑建议权时,根据目前存在的问题,主要是从提出量刑建议的时间、方式以及提出量刑建议的依据上加以完善,并解决好检察机关量刑建议权与审判权之间的关系。
关键词:刑事诉讼 检察机关 量刑建议 构建
Abstract
Sentencing recommendation is the indictment of the right content and refinement, increase penalties for transparency, protection of the rights of the accused, the judge discretion to prevent the abuse and corruption in the judiciary are of positive significance. For this reason in foreign countries, whether civil law countries or the common law countries of the prosecution, sentencing recommendations generally have the right, in common law countries, the sentencing recommendations of the prosecution is indispensable for the implementation of plea bargaining as part of the system. From the proceedings in theory, the sentencing recommendations for achieving the right to control trial separation, and implementing the proceedings open, the efficiency of the proceedings is of great significance. But in China, although the legislation has the right to sentencing recommendations, but academics and practical for the prosecution whether the sentence should have the right to remain controversial proposals, some sure, some negative. In fact, the procuratorial organs of the sentencing recommendation is only a procedural powers, and not against the court''s jurisdiction, China, it is necessary to establish a reasonable right to sentencing recommendations. Construction of China''s sentencing recommendations in the right, under the existing problems, mainly from the sentencing recommendations by the time, manner and make sentencing recommendations to improve on the basis of, and properly solve the prosecution and sentencing recommendations to the jurisdiction of the relationship between.
Key words: Criminal Procedure Procuratorate Sentencing Recommendations Construction
前 言
检察机关量刑建议权,又被称为求刑权,是指检察机关在审判活动中就被告人所应判处的刑罚向人民法院进行建议的一种权力。从诉讼模式来看,量刑建议权是对抗制诉讼的必然结果。我国长期以来由于实行的是一种超职权主义诉讼模式,刑事诉讼从结构上看是一种“线型结构”,公、检、法三机关像铁路警察一样,各管一段,公安机关侦查终结后将案件移交检察机关,而检察机关提起公诉将案件移送法院以后,也将案件的处理权完全交给法院,法院主动调查取证后作出相应判决。由于这种诉讼结构,检察机关在刑事审判过程中的作用消极,即使提出证据证明被告人有罪的责任也都主要由法院来完成,更别说向法院提出量刑建议了。但近几年来,由于我国司法改革的推进,检察机关在刑事审判中的举证责任明显加强,法院的作用逐渐倾向于消极,检察机关的量刑建议问题逐渐进入人们的视界。现在,虽然国外有不少国家明确规定了检察机关的量刑建议权,但对于我国检察机关的量刑建议权,有肯定的也有否定的,肯定者一般是从检察机关的角度出发进行论述,而否定者则主要是从法院的角度出发论证,带有较强的部门利益色彩。刑事诉讼从利益上讲,是诉讼参与各方利益的一种平衡,这种利益当然也包括检察机关与法院的利益,但正当的刑事诉讼程序更多的应当是从社会公共利益与被追诉人、受害人的利益出发进行设计。因此,对于我国刑事诉讼中是否应当赋予检察机关量刑建议权,有必要从诉讼规律的角度出发进行比较客观的探讨,而不能限于部门工作的便利性甚至部门利益。正是出于这一考虑,本文拟从诉讼规律以及现实国情等各方面对检察机关的量刑建议权作简要的论述。