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说明:
关键词: 色氨酸,代谢,肝性脑病,病因学,肝功能衰竭,代谢
Subject headingstryptophan/metabolism; hepatic encephalopathy/etiology; liver failure/metabolism; review literature
1 正常人体的色氨酸代谢
色氨酸是人体8种必需氨基酸之一,正常成人日需色氨酸约3 mg/kg体重. 人体摄入的色氨酸除主要用于蛋白质合成外,约有1%~2%用于合成5-羟色胺(5-HT),多余的色氨酸大都在肝脏经犬尿氨酸代谢途径代谢,除生成少量尼克酸、丙氨酸可被机体利用外,最终大多作为代谢废物经肾脏排出体外. 机体利用色氨酸合成5-HT的部位大体有两处,其一是中枢神经系统的5-HT能神经元,主要集中存在于中缝核系统;其二是外周某些APUD细胞,主要是肠道的嗜铬细胞[1]. 由于5-HT不能通过血脑屏障,因而中枢与外周5-HT各成独立系统. 5-HT在中枢神经作为一种神经递质,主要参与精神情绪活动,睡眠与觉醒、体温、血压及内分泌的调节等多种生理功能;在外周作为具有广泛生理活性的体液因子,主要参与胃肠运动、心血管运动及凝血功能的调节.
血浆中的色氨酸约90%与白蛋白结合,称结合型色氨酸,约10%为游离状态,称游离型色氨酸. 只有游离型色氨酸才能直接被组织利用并能通过血脑屏障.
目录:
1 正常人体的色氨酸代谢
2 肝功能不全时色氨酸的代谢异常
3 色氨酸代谢异常与肝性脑病的关系
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