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关键词: 肾小球塌陷,临床,病理,诊断
塌陷性肾小球病(Collapsing Glomerulopathy,CG),又称特发性塌陷性肾小球病(ICG),是近10年来为大家逐渐公认的一个新的临床病理诊断。大多数学者认为它是特发性局灶节段性肾小球硬化(IFSGS,FSGS)的一种严重类型,发病约占FSGS的4.6%~15.5%[1,2,3]。我们对其病理、临床特点、鉴别诊断和发病机理作一简要介绍。
一、病理特点
塌陷性肾小球病光镜下肾小球的主要改变为肾小球局灶节段性毛细血管襻塌陷、毛细血管腔变窄,甚至闭合,有时部分肾小球毛细血管襻呈球性塌陷。肾小球上皮细胞肥大、增生,肥大的上皮细胞内有粗空泡和PAS染色阳性的透明颗粒,上皮细胞可呈多核,这种显著性改变的肾小球上皮细胞可呈鹅卵石般围绕在肾小球毛细血管襻周围[4,5]。肾小球塌陷部分基底膜皱缩、折叠[5]。部分患者光镜下还可见到局灶节段硬化的肾小球、荒废的肾小球,病变部位系膜细胞和内皮细胞消失[5]。有学者认为塌陷性肾小球病肾小球的早期病理改变是上皮细胞肥大和毛细血管塌陷,然后是内皮细胞和系膜细胞消失。最后是无定形基质样物质增加,终末期肾小球硬化,与其它原因引起的肾小球硬化无法区别[5]。塌陷性肾小球病往往同时累及肾小管和肾间质,光镜下肾小管、肾间质病变明显,可有不同程度的局灶或片状间质纤维化,炎症细胞浸润,有报导间质细胞浸润常以淋巴细胞为主[4],有报导则以单核细胞为主[5],但中性粒细胞浸润少。肾小管明显扩张,片状萎缩,小管上皮细胞坏死脱落。扩张的肾小管内有无定形蛋白样物,一些近曲小管上皮细胞内有大量重吸收颗粒[4,5]。部分标本可见肾小动脉轻到中度硬化[5]。
目录:
一、病理特点
二、临床特点
三、与特发性局灶节段性肾小球硬化的关系
四、与人类免疫缺陷病毒相关性肾病的鉴别
五、塌陷性肾小球病发病机制的研究现状
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