了家庭的往事，过去的不幸又造成现在的悲剧，甚至吞噬了未来。
下面分别选取该剧第一幕和第四幕的开场片段运用Grice“合作原则”来分析剧中夫妻、父子对话中无意间迸出不遵守会话准则的现象并由此产生的弦外之音(划线部分和数字是笔者为方便分析而另加的)，从中可以看出几乎每个词素都包含着丰富的内涵。戏剧对话中爱恨交织，话中有话，语意多层，互为表里，展现立体的多层次的人物个性，性格层面也在不断丰富变化着，深刻体现爱与恨交织的主题。⑺
1．夫妻之间违反“合作原则”的对话
本剧开场时正是上午，刚从疗养院戒毒归来的玛丽同丈夫、两儿子在别墅消夏，全家团圆的气氛融洽。一家四口刚刚用过早餐，泰伦和玛丽正在闲聊。他们从各自的胃口扯到便宜的雪茄，由雪茄引出房地产买卖，在看似轻松的谈话中，隐约流露出玛丽对泰伦的责备。突然从餐厅传来的小儿子艾德蒙的咳嗽声引起了他们的注意，他们马上转换话题，开始谈论艾德蒙的病情。在谈话中，他们表现出紧张和焦虑不安，极力掩饰对在当时被视为不治之症肺结核的惧怕，而同时玛丽反常的举止和谈话也表明她的病情并没有真正治愈，她又重新吸食吗啡。家庭气氛由轻松渐渐转为压抑和沉重。
MARY--James，it’S Edmund you ought toscold for not eating enough．He hardly touched any-thing except coffee． (1)I keep telling him that he says he sim-ply has no appetite．Of course，there's nothing takesaway your appetite like—a bad sum-mer cold．(2)
TURONE-Yes,it's only natural. (3)SO don't let yourself get worried-(4)
MARY一(quickly)Oh，I’m not．I know he'll be all righet in a few days (5)ifhe takes care ofhimself．( as if she wanted to discuss the subject but can’t)But it does seem a shame he should have to besick fight now．(6)
TYRONE--Yes，it is bad luck．(He gives her aquick，worrying look．)But you mustn’t let it upsetyou，Mary．Remember，you've got to take care of yourself, too.(7)
MARY一(quickly)I’m not upset．There’s nothing to be upset about. What makes you think I'm upset? (8)，TURONE—why，nothing，exceptyou’ye seemed a bit high-strung⑼ the past few days.
MARY-(forcing a smile) I have? Nonsense,dear.It's your imagination.(With sudden tenseness) You really must not watch me all the time, James. I mean,it makes me self-conscious.⑽
TYRONE--(putting a hand ogler one ofher nel'lloaslyplaying ones)Now，now，Mary．That’S your i—magination．If I’ve watched you it was to admire how fat and how beautiful you looked.(11)(His voice is suddenly moved by deep feeling．) I can't tell you the deep happiness it gives me, darling,to see you as you've been since you came back to us,your dear old self again.(12)(He leans over and kisses hercheek impulsivef-then turning back adds with a con—strained air)SO keep up the good work,(13)Mary．
MARY一(has turned herhead away)I will，(14)dear．(She gets up restlessly and goes to thewindows at right．)Thank heavens，the fog is gone.(15)(She turns back．)I do feel out of sorts this morning.⒃ I wasn't able to get much sleep with that awful foghorn going all night long.⒄
TYRONE-Yes, it's like having a sick whale in the back yard.(18)It kept me awake，too．
MARY一(affectionately amused) Did it? You had a strange way of showing your restlessness一．(19)You were snoring so hard I couldn't tell which was the foghorn !⒇(She comes to hem, laughing,and pats his cheek playfully.) Ten foghorns couldn't disturb you. (21)You haven’t a nerve in you .You've never had.(22)⑻
在这夫妻五、六轮对话回合中，违反合作原则的地方共有二十三次，其中违反量、质、关联、方式准则分别是四、八、十、一次。主人公玛丽一听到艾德蒙的咳嗽声，就迫不及待地向丈夫诉说心里的担忧。她具有多重性格，神经质、敏感而又孤僻。当她神经正常时，她爱丈夫、儿子；一旦毒瘾发作，她就厌恶周围任何人，包括她最爱的亲人。在这片段中，她表现比较正常。从表面看，“吃饱才能长劲”(1)(违反量的准则)是多余的，因为这是任何正常人都知道的常识。以量的准则来衡量，玛丽的话超出了对话所需要的信息。但正是这句话暴露出她内心的焦虑和不安。(2)(违反
