征。同时，它又象征着残酷的现实，暗示她心里的慌乱、恐惧、无奈、绝望等，她脆弱的神经忍受不了巨大的精神压力，只好求助于吗啡来换取片刻的安宁。论文发表 www.lwkoo.cn毕业论文
(18)(违反质的准则)泰伦表面上用“害了病的鲸鱼”来比喻吵个不停的“雾号”，他也是一夜无眠，会话看起来是在轻松幽默的气氛下展开。其实，他是在影射玛丽毒瘾发作时的丑态，而他没睡着是因为他一直在暗中监视妻子的行为。
(19)(20)(违反关联准则)玛丽根本不相信丈夫会因雾号而失眠，随后扯到他怪异的失眠的样子和打呼噜的声音。丈夫的失眠肯定另有隐情，他故意发出像雾号似的大呼噜声，假装睡得香甜，其实他随时都在暗地里观察她、提防她。玛丽在暗暗指责丈夫对她的不信任。(21)(违反量的准则)做了多年的夫妻，玛丽对丈夫的生活习惯了如指掌，泰伦从来都是倒头便睡，绝对不可能被雾号吵醒。失眠的原因彼此心照不宣。(22)(违反关联准则)玛丽又切换话题，埋怨泰伦“连知觉都没有，从来没有”，引申含义有二：一是责备丈夫，感情迟钝，从来都不理解妻子。婚后玛丽陪同丈夫到处巡回演出，居无定所，泰伦总是把她一个人扔在冷清肮脏的旅馆里，而自己却在外面酗酒寻欢作乐，让她长期忍受孤独寂寞的煎熬。二是鄙视丈夫，吝啬成性，舍不得花钱为妻子和儿子建造安乐窝，却大把大把地倾其所有投资毫无价值的地皮；舍不得破费为分娩的妻子请良医，收费低廉的庸医用吗啡止痛，迫使玛丽染上毒瘾，无法自拔。失去自我的玛丽不仅身心受到摧残、精神极为痛苦，而且全家也因此背上了沉重的十字架。玛丽指责泰伦：正是他造成了家庭的悲剧。⑼
第一幕的这一片段为全剧奠定了基调：在貌似轻松的闲聊中，夫妻已经开始暗地里相互埋怨、责怪，其中也夹杂着相互体贴和关怀的温情。在本剧中，两人因相爱而走到一起，却因为对生活的不同追求而产生怨恨，他们既亲密有疏远，始终无法做到真正相互理解。
2．父子之间违反“合作原则”的对话
第二和第三幕仍是一家人互相扯皮。对于玛丽无休止的变本加厉的责备，泰伦不甘示弱。第四幕开场时已是午夜时分，夫妻、父子之间的隔阂暴露无遗，难以挽回。先是泰伦和艾德蒙联合起来反击玛丽，接着父子间推诿责任、相互指责，既折磨对方又折腾自己，同时又力争对方谅解自己。这则片段中的会话主要违反关联准则，在这里限于篇幅只做简要分析。随着话题不断变化、不断深入，家庭的秘密逐个被揭开，最终真相被抖露出来。在貌似不相干的字眼里却包含着环环相扣的因果关系。
EDMUND—Yes．It’S pretty horrible to see herThe way she must be now．(With bitter misery)Thehardest thing to take is the blankwallshe builds aroundher．Or it’S more like a bank of fog in whichshe hides and loses herself．Deliberately，that’s the
hell of it!You know something in her does it deliberatelytoget beyond our reach，to be rid of US，to forgetwe’re alive!It’S as if，in spite of loving US，shehated us!
TYRONE--(remonstrates gently)Now，now，lad．It’S not her．It’S the damned poison．
EDMUND一(bitterly)She takes it to get thateffect．At least，I know she did this time!(abrupt-ly)My play，isn’t it? Here．(He plays a card．)
TYRONE一(plays mechanically -gently re-proachful)She's been terribly frightened about yourillness，for all her pretending．Don't be too hard onher，lad．Remember she’S not responsible．Oncethat cursed poison gets a hold on anyone—
EDMUND--(His face grows hard and he staresat his father with bitter accusation．)It never shouldhave gotten a hold on her!I know damned well she’s not to blame!And I know who is!You are!Yourdamned stinginess!If you’d spent money for a de-cent doctor when she was 80 sick after 1 was born，she’d never have known morphine existed!Insteadyou put her in the hands of a hotel quack whowouldn’t admit his ignorance and took the easiestway out，not giving a damn what happened to her afterwards!All because his fee was cheap!Anotherone of your bargains!
TYRONE一(stung一angrily)Be quiet!—Howdare you talk of something you know nothing about!
(Trying to control his temper)You must try tosee my side ofit too。lad．How
