鲁迅与王蒙关系论
Relationism of LuXun and WangMeng
【中文摘要】 当代中国文学是在鲁迅传统的余荫下成长起来的,当代作家们将鲁迅传统以更加丰富的形式存在与发展着。王蒙就是其中一位,他多次表示过自己对鲁迅的推崇之意与传承之决心,但是新时期以来王蒙发表的另些言论在鲁迅研究界和文学评论界却引起了诸多的争议,这影响了研究者对二者文学创作上具体联结的深入探究。本文即是力图对鲁迅与王蒙的关系进行全面探求的尝试之作。全文共分三章:第一章聚焦人们对鲁迅与王蒙之间关系的争议之处,并加以论述。鲁迅与王蒙在精神层面上看似迥异,在本质上却有相通之处。尽管表现形式不同,但二者在言论和作品中流露出的平民精神与宽容态度却是一致的。在探讨二者精神层面的联结的同时笔者还整理出了新时期以来王蒙所发表的一些关于鲁迅的有争议的言论,诸如“‘费厄泼赖'应该实行”、“五十个鲁迅”等,进而论证这些言论不但不能说明王蒙对鲁迅的不敬,相反因其都有特殊的背景和情境,也不能说完全是无理的。本章笔者试图通过材料的整理和论证使读者走出长期以来对鲁迅与王蒙精神个性及二者关系的误读区域,为进一步探析二者在文学创作上的具体联结扫清障碍。第二章论述了鲁迅与王蒙在文学创作上的联结。第一,两位社会问题的发掘者。王蒙在现实主义维度上继承了鲁迅传统,具体体现在他的小说和杂文创作中。鲁迅和王蒙的文章都不避讳对社会政治问题及封建文化传统的揭露和批判。王蒙还与鲁迅一样将批判的矛头指向封建意识形态的载体——封建文明以及封建意识形态的专制产物——国民性。在创作中王蒙与鲁迅一样善于发掘社会问题并且毫不留情地对封建文化和社会痼疾进行批判,其意旨也与鲁迅一致,是为了引起疗救的注意。第二,两位知识分子灵魂的拷问者。鲁迅和王蒙将忧患的目光投向国民劣根性的同时都注意到知识分子本身的不足,注意到国民性格中的一个重要组成部分知识分子的性格结构和精神结构。在自我解剖与反思的过程中,他们在如何改造中国知识分子乃至中国人的灵魂上出现了惊人的契合。鲁迅和王蒙通过深刻的反思认识到同一个问题,即对知识分子灵魂改造的根本性意义是创造活生生的、以个体方式存在着的人。鲁迅与王蒙在对知识分子自身弱点的反思中也不乏一些温情的内审,从另一个阶级看到自己所缺乏的东西并且真诚地学习。第三,两位创造新形式的先锋。鲁迅是结构实验的大师,鲁迅的小说格局总是别开生面,不重复他人,也不重复自己。茅盾曾评价说:“在中国文坛上,鲁迅君常常是创造‘新形式'的先锋。”王蒙在小说艺术结构上也有着大量有创造性的探索和实验。在小说的现代创作技巧方面,我们可以窥见王蒙对鲁迅的择取。王蒙的“意识流”创作技巧一部分来源于鲁迅《狂人日记》、《野草》等作品的启发;王蒙惯用的“语言狂欢”与“重复”技巧在鲁迅那里也可找到端倪。第三章试图探索鲁迅与王蒙异同之渊源。第一,庄子文哲的影响。在鲁迅与王蒙的作品中我们可以发现二者对庄子文辞的喜爱与继承。对于庄子的哲学,鲁迅与王蒙有着不同的择取。鲁迅自觉摒弃了庄子的“虚无主义”、“相对论”,王蒙对庄子的思想中的消极避世因素进行了规避,这一点与鲁迅一样以自己对中国文化内涵的感悟诉求于理性层面的分析,对庄子的接受具有着实用性与选择性,但是王蒙对庄子的“相对论”却情有独钟,从而显示出与鲁迅不同的风格。第二,俄苏文学的浸淫。鲁迅和王蒙的一生都与俄苏文学有着浓得化不开的情结。受俄苏文学的浸淫,鲁迅和王蒙都树立了“为人生”的文艺观,并且在书写人生世态的笔墨间常隐着果戈理的“含泪的笑”。在具体的创作中,鲁迅与王蒙对俄国文学的语言也有着各自不同的借鉴与取法。第三,童年生命体验的延宕。作家个性的形成可以追溯到早期所受的影响和特殊的经历,这种个体生命体验是作家世界观、价值观形成的基础。鲁迅和王蒙童年时代都过早地接触到“死亡”两个字,因为家庭的原因也使他们对人性的复杂性有了较早的认识,这些体验塑成着他们的个性的同时也影响着他们日后创作的主题和风格
【英文摘要】 Contemporary Chinese literature is grew up under the tradition of Lu Xun . The contemporary writers are developing the tradition of Lu Xun in more rich forms. Wang Meng is one of them, at different times he has said that he respected on Lu Xun. But recently Wang Meng also made some remarks and they had caused a lot of controversy in the Lu Xun Literature reviews, which affects Researchers in-depth Research on both the literature and the specific link. This paper is trying to explore the relationship between Lu Xun and Wang Meng deeply .The full text is divided three chapters: The first chapter focuses on the place which of the dispute between Lu Xun and Wang Meng, and discusses it. Lu Xun and Wang Meng looks seemly different , in actually they are similar in the spirit. Although the manifestation is different, but the two reveal in the opinion and the work the common people spirit with the tolerant manner is actually consistent. Since while discussed the joints in spirit between them author also to reorganize some swhich Wang Meng has published about Lu Xun to have the dispute opinion in the new time, such as "the 'fair play' should implement", "50 Lu Xun" and so on, not only then proves these opinions not to be able to explain Wang Meng to Lu Xun disrespecting, on the contrary,because it has the special background and the situation, also cannot say that is completely unreasonable. This chapter author attempts to through the material reorganization and the proof causes the reader to go out misregistration region to Lu Xun and the Wang Meng, to further search analyzes the two to sweep clean the barrier in the literary production concrete joint.The second chapter elaborated the literary production joint of Lu Xun and Wang Meng'. First, social question excavation. Wang Meng has inherited the tradition of Lu Xun in the realism dimension, manifests specifically in his novel and the essay creation. Lu Xun and Wang Meng's article expost the social politics question and the feudal culture tradition ,Wang Meng also attent the Chinese national character as LuXun. Wang Meng and Lu Xun is good at excavating the social question equally, and carring on the critique to the feudal culture and social chronic disease, its meaning is also consistent with Lu Xun, is for the attention which causes cures. Second, intellectual soul .Lu Xun and Wang Meng goes to the misery vision national incorrigibility, at the same time, to note intellectual's insufficiency, notes in the national disposition a important component intellectual's disposition structure and the energetic structure. In self-dissection and in resonsideration process, they how, to transform China intellectual and even in Chinese's soul presented the astonishing conjunction. Lu Xun and Wang Meng through the profound resonsideration realized that to the identical question, namely creates living, the human who to the intellectual soul transformation's fundamental significance exists by the individual way. Lu Xun and Wang Meng in also many some tender feeling's in examines to the intellectual own weakness's resonsideration, saw from another social class oneself lack and the thing studies sincerely. Third, second create the new form cutting edge. Lu Xun is structure experiment's master, Lu Xun novel pattern is always entirely new, not redundant other people, also not redundant. Mao Dun once appraised: "in the Chinese literary arena, Mr. Lu Xun is frequently creates the 'new form' the cutting edge. "Wang Meng also has in the novel art structure has the creative exploration and the experiment massively. In the novel modern artistic technique aspect, we may sneak a peek at Wang Meng to Lu Xun selecting. Wang Meng "the stream of consciousness" an artistic technique part originates from Lu Xun "Diary", "Weeds" and so on work inspirations; Wang Meng habitually used "the language revelry" and "redundant" the skill may also find the clue in Lu Xun there.The third chapter attempts to explore the origin of the similarities and differences between LuXun and Wang Meng. First, Zhuang-zi's influence. In Lu Xun and in Wang Meng's work we may discover that the two with inherit to the Zhuang-zi language's affection. Regarding Zhuang-zi's philosophy, Lu Xun and Wang Meng has different selecting. Lu Xun has on own initiative abandoned Zhuang-zi "nihilism", "the theory of relativity", Wang Meng shunned the world to Zhuang-zi's thought in the factor to carry on the circumvention negatively, this point and Lu Xun becomes aware the demand equally by oneself to the Chinese culture connotation feeling in the rational stratification plane analysis, accepted to Zhuang-zi is having the usability and the selectivity, but Wang Meng "the theory of relativity" actually had only one in mind to Zhuang-zi, thus demonstrated and Lu Xun different style. Second, Russia Soviet literature gradually. Lu Xun and Wang Meng's life has complex joint with Russia Soviet literature. Lu Xun and Wang Meng set up "for the life" the literary view, and in written life ways of the world words Chang Yin Gogol "smiling with tears". In the concrete creation, Lu Xun and Wang Meng also has different model to Russian literature's language with to take as an example respectively. Third, childhood life experience delaying. Writer's individuality formation may trace the influence which and the special experience the early time receives, this kind of individual life experience is the foundation which the writer world outlook, the values form. Lu Xun and the Wang Meng childhood days premature contacts "the death" two characters, because the family reason also enabled them to have the early understanding to the human nature complexity, these experience modelled their individuality at the same time also to affect the subject which and the style they will create in the future.
【中文关键词】 鲁迅; 王蒙; 关系
【英文关键词】 Lu Xun; Wang Meng; relation
