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岗梅叶的化学成分的研究

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中文摘要:岗梅叶为冬青属植物梅叶冬青(Ilex asprella)的叶,主要分布在广东,广西等地。岗梅具有清热、生津、活血、解毒之功效。治疗感冒、头痛眩晕、热病燥渴、痧气、热泻、肺痈、咳血、喉痛、痔血、淋病、痈毒、跌打损伤等。为了进一步阐明其化学成分,本论文利用开放硅胶柱色谱,反相柱色谱,凝胶柱色谱等多种分离方法对岗梅叶的乙醇回流提取物进行分离,得到27个化合物,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据确定了其中16个化合物的结构。其中一个为新化合物为3α, 19α-二羟基齐墩果-12-烯-23, 28-二羧酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3α, 19α-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-23, 28-dioic-acid-28-O-β-D–glucopyranoside, 16)。15个已知化合物分别为rotundioic acid(1)、2α,3β,19α-三羟基乌索-12-烯-23,28-二羧酸(2α, 3β, 19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-ene-23, 28-dioic acid,2)、2α,3β,19α-三羟基齐墩果-12-烯-23,28-二羧酸(2α, 3β, 19α-trihydroxy-olean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid,3)、乌索酸(ursolic acid,4)、3β-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基-19α-羟基乌索-12-烯-28-O-β-D-葡萄糖基双苷(3β-[(α-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-19α-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid-28- O-β-D-gluco pyranoside,5)、3β-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基-19α-羟基齐墩果-12-二烯-28-O-β-D-葡萄糖基双苷(3β-[(α-L- arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-19α-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid-28- O-β-D–glucopyranoside,6)、3α, 19α-二羟基乌索-12-烯-24,28-二羧酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3α, 19α- dihydroxy-urs-12-ene-24, 28-dioic-acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,7)、2α, 3β, 19α-三羟基乌索-12-烯-24,28-二羧酸-28-O-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2α,3β,19α–trihydroxy-urs-12-ene-24,28-dioic-28-O-β-D- glucopyranoside, 8)、山柰酚(kaempferol,9)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖(kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside,10) 、芦丁(rutin ,11)、 (E)-2,6-二甲基-2,7-辛二烯-6-羟基-1-醇苷((E)-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxylocta-2,7-diene-1-O-glucopyranoside,12)、2,3-二羟基苯甲酸(balanophonin,13)、β-谷甾醇(β- sitosterol,14)、胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,15),其中化合物1-10,12-13为首次从本种植物中分离得到。
本研究初步的阐明了岗梅叶的化学成分,为其药效物质基础,质量标准研究提供了一定的科学依据。

关键词:岗梅叶,化学成分,结构鉴定
Abstract :To study the chemical constituents of the leaves of Ilex asprella for reveal the active components for their further development. The compounds were isolated by chromatographyon silica gel columns and identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectralanalysis. Twenty-seven compounds were obtained and sixteen compounds were identified.One of these compounds is a novel compound: 3α, 19α-dihydroxy-olean-12-ene-23,28-dioic-acid-28-O-β-D-glu
copyranoside (16).15 compounds which were identified as the known properties are rotundioic acid(1), 2α, 3β, 19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-ene-23, 28-dioic acid (2), 2α, 3β, 19α-trihydroxy-olean-12-
ene-23, 28-dioic acid(3), ursolic acid(4), 3β-[(α-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy] 19α-hydroxy- urs-12-ene-
28-oicacid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5),3β-[(α-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-19α-hydroxyl-olean-12-ene-28-oic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6),3α, 19α-dihydroxy-urs-12-ene-24, 28-dioic acid-28- O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7),2α,3β,19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-ene-24, 28-dioic-28-O-β-D-gluco pyrano side (8), kaempferol (9), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (10), rutin (11), (E)-2, 6-dimethyl -6-hy droxylocta-2, 7-diene-1-O-glucopyranoside(12), balanophonin(13), β-sitosterol(14), daucosterol (15). Among them, compounds 1-10, 12 and 13 were isolated from the Ilex asprella for the first time.
The results of this research will be useful for the further studies on chemical constituents, the quality standards of this plant herbs.
Key word:chemical constituents, leave of Ilex asprella, structure elucidation

第一章 冬青属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展
第一节 冬青属植物资源概况
冬青属(Ilex L.)是冬青科 (Aquifoliaceae) 四个属中我国仅有的一个属,《中国植物志》第四十五卷第二分册记载,冬青科4属,约400-500种植物,其中绝大部分种为冬青属,分布于两半球的热带、亚热带至温带地区,主产中南美洲和亚洲热带,仅有3种到达欧洲。我国产1属,约204种,分布于秦岭南坡、长江流域及其以南地区,以西南地区最盛。冬青属中约30余种供药用,多用于清热解毒、消炎、镇咳、祛痰及治疗心血管疾病,其化学成分主要为三萜及其皂苷、黄酮类、香豆素、木脂素、糖脂类、氰基化合物和嘌呤生物碱等。

目录:
中文摘要 ……………………………………………………………………………………………1
英文摘要 ……………………………………………………………………………………………2
第一章 冬青属的化学成分和药理活性研究进展 ………………………………………………4
第二章 岗梅叶的化学成分研究 …………………………………………………………………21
2.1分离得到的化合物名称、编号和结构 ……………………………………………22
2.2化合物的结构鉴定 …………………………………………………………………25
第三章 实验部分 …………………………………………………………………………………34
3.1实验仪器与材料 ……………………………………… …………………………34
3.2结构鉴定数据 ………………………………………………………………………36
第四章 小结与讨论 ………………………………………………………………………………40
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………………………42
致谢 ………………………………………………………………………………………………48
附图 ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 49
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作者点评:
本论文利用开放硅胶柱色谱,反相柱色谱,凝胶柱色谱等多种分离方法对岗梅叶的乙醇回流提取物进行分离,得到27个化合物,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据确定了其中16个化合物的结构。其中一个为新化合物鉴定为3β, 19α-二羟基齐墩果-12-烯-23, 28-二羧酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3β, 19α-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-23, 28-dioic acid-28-O-β-D–glucopyranoside, 16)。另外15个已知化合物分别为rotundioic acid(1)、2α,3β,19α-三羟基乌索-12-烯-23,28-二羧酸(2α, 3β, 19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-ene-23, 28-dioic acid,2)、2α,3β,19α-三羟基齐墩果-12-烯-23,28-二羧酸(2α, 3β, 19α-trihydroxy-olean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid,3)、乌索酸(ursolic acid,4)、3β-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基-19α-羟基乌索-12-烯-28-β-D-葡萄糖基双苷(3β-[(α-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-19α-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid-28-β-D-glucopyranoside,5)、3β-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基-19α-羟基齐墩果-12-二烯-28-β-D-葡萄糖基双苷(3β-[(α-L-arabino-pyranosyl)oxy]-19α-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid-28-β-D–glucopyranoside,6)、3α,19α- 二羟基乌索-12-烯-24,28-二羧酸-28-O-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3α, 19α-dihydroxy-urs-12-ene-24, 28- dioic-acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,7)、2α, 3β, 19α-三羟基乌索-12-烯-24,28-二羧酸-28-O-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2α,3β,19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-ene-24,28-dioic-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 8)、山柰酚(kaempferol,9) 、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖(kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside,10) 、芦丁(rutin ,11)、 (E)-2, 6-二甲基-2,7-辛二烯-6-羟基-1醇苷((E)-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxylocta-2, 7-diene-1-O-glucopyranoside,12)、2,3-二羟基苯甲酸(balanophonin,13)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,14)、胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,15)化合物1-10,12-13为首次从本种植物中分离得到。本结果为岗梅叶的开发和研究提供了一定的物质基础。
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