摘要:Web Quest是美国圣地亚哥州立大学的伯尼•道奇(Bernie Dodge)和汤姆•马奇(Tom March)等人于1995年首创的一种课程计划。
本文通过查阅大量的文献,对Web Quest国内外研究状况以及我国教育改革的发展方向、现状及不足进行分析,提出运用Web Quest的可行性和必要性。然后对Web Quest的概念、内容、要素及Web Quest的评价内容和Web Quest所依赖的理论基础加以阐述。基于现行高中化学教材(人民教育出版社出版的2002年审查通过的《全日制普通高级中学教科书(实验修订本、必修加选修),根据Web Quest的特点,基于实验学校的教学实际,对高中化学学科内容进行分析,归纳总结出适用于Web Quest教学的内容,并根据Web Quest的教学流程建构出高中化学学科的Web Quest教学模式。通过对高中学生的心理、学习特点及教学资源与环境的分析,进行了基于Web Quest的高中化学教学设计研究实践。以学生的知识掌握情况、学生的创造性思维和批判性思维、学生的化学学习兴趣、学生的信息素养等纬度为指标,对教学实践中学生上述行为表现进行前后测,然后进行数理统计、分析,得出结论为:运用短期Web Quest 进行教学,扩展了学生的知识视野,提高了学生操作获取知识、搜集和处理信息、网上交流和分析和解决问题的能力;对学生学习化学的兴趣、批判性思维和创造性思维有所帮助。这种教学方式使学生获得不同的认知方式,培养学生运用信息技术工具进行自主学习的能力,使信息技术成为学生学习和探究的工具,并且对学生的高级思维有很大的提高。
最后,本文在教学实践过程中得到一点体会和建议:
①新的教学方式有新的教学方式的优势和值得提倡和学习的地方,但不能由此而忽略传统教学,化学学科是一门自然科学学科,学生的学习过程中还是离不开强化练习和讲授的,要批判的去运用,运用在适合的教学内容上。
②Web Quest的运用对教师自身也提出了更高的要求,高中化学教师要积极转换教育理念,及时调整更新自我的知识结构,不断学习,勇于尝试。一种好的教学方法运用到适合的教学内容上就会得到超出预期的效果,能够更好的使学生提高学习效率,所以要相信学生,相信自己。
③从Web Quest的教学实践的过程来看,上好一节优质的Web Quest课,需要教师与教师之间,无论同学科还是不同学科,都应该互相学习、沟通,相互合作,尤其现在学科间的交叉,也使教师间也应增强合作意识,互相促进。
在高中化学学科这个非常重要的自然科学学科中使用Web Quest 这种教学方式不仅可以培养学生各方面的能力,得到多元的智力发展,而且可以使学生和教师共同学习,“教学相长”。
关键词:教学设计 研究性学习 合作学习 批判性思维 创造性思维
Teaching design and practice based on Web Quest
Abstract: Web Quest is a kind of course plan originated by Bernie Dodge and Tom March all in San Diego State University in 1995. “Web” is the meaning of “network” and “Quest” is the meaning “look for”, “investigate”. According to the time for completing work, Web Quest is divided into two kinds: short period and long period. Short-term Web Quest is specially designed for the course unit including 1-3 lessons, which teaching target is to acquire and inte-grate knowledge.
The first part of this paper: based on a great deal of paper, the condition of study at home and abroad for web Quest, the orientation, current situation, deficiency of education reform in our country were analyzed. Meanwhile, the feasibility and the necessity using Web Quest were presented. Then the concept, content, element of Web Quest, the evaluation of Web Quest and the fundamental theory for Web Quest were expounded. In addition, under the direction of mature teaching model, the mentality and study characteristic of high school students as well as the drawback of teaching for large class were analyzed and the courses in high school chemistry were also coordinated and analyzed.
The second part of this paper: in the light of the theory and the analysis for the actual situation, the teaching practice has been done for the courses which can use Short-term Web Quest. And then compare mastery of knowledge, productive and critical thinking, interest for chemistry, information learning of students before with after practice, meanwhile, statistical analyze the results, to know whether and how Short-term Web Quest affects on students. Through a series of tests and data contrast, we can draw following conclusions: Web Quest is a new type education model based on network and students’ independent thought. This teaching model expands students’ eyeshot and improves students’ abilities to control modern technology facilities, acquire knowledge, collect and dispose information, communicate through internet, analyze and solve problems. This teaching model makes students obtain different cognitive styles and trains students’ abilities to voluntary study by information technology facilities. Meanwhile, it turns information technology into study tool and improves greatly advanced thinking of student. Moreover, it makes student improve interest in chemistry.
Finally, I gained some experience and made some suggestions in the process of teaching practice.
①The new teaching mode hold new advantages which are worth to advocate and to learn, but it is not presumed that traditional teaching methods could be ignored. As a natural science subject, chemistry is a subject which needs repeated and intense practice in the process of studying. So, we should apply the new teaching mode critically in the appropriate contents of teaching.
②The application of Web Quest requires more demand for teachers who must convert teaching idea actively and adjust the knowledge structure as soon as possible. At the base of studying continuously and attempting bravely, when a good teaching method is applied in the appropriate teaching contents, we will get a perfect effect beyond anticipate. This can help students improve their learning efficiency better. So, trust students and trust ourselves.
③In the process of Web Quest teaching practice, how to go to an excellent class, it needs studying, communicating and cooperating each other between teachers, no matter they are in the same subject or not. Especially in modern time, when the intercrossing became more and more frequent, it requires teachers must strengthen the consciousness to cooperate and to promote each other.
Thus it can be seen, in 21 century, the informational society, our lives are contacted with digital information tightly. It was true that information determine our existence. In a society that students need to grasp more intensive and more extensive knowledge and technology, if we want to get better in the effect of teaching, it is necessary and important to introduce the teaching mode of Web Quest in the class of chemistry during the studying in senior high school, because the method can not only cultivate the capabilities to students to get the development of intellect but also to learn more for all students and teachers. Of course, this is not presumed that the workings of teachers become easy, in opposite, it becomes more heavily.
Key words: instructional design study-learning cooperate learning critical thinking creative thinking
1. 前言
1.1 课题的研究背景
当今世界各个领域正日益受到新的科学技术的冲击,日益成熟的信息技术、生物技术、新材料技术、新能源技术、空间技术、海洋开发技术构成了前所没未有的新科技群。科学技术尤其网络的迅猛发展造成信息量剧增,这就要求本世纪需要的人才不仅要具备渊博的学识,更要具备独立接受新信息、处理新信息的能力。在如火如荼的新课改下,教师的教育观念、教学手段、学生的学习方式都有非常大的改变,当然主要是观念的改变。“发现教学”、“范例教学”、“模糊教学”等不同教学方式的出现不同程度上都表现了当前我国教育工作者都在探索和反思我国的教育。