摘 要：新的《美术课程标准》把美术课程的内容分成四个领域，分别是：造型与表现、设计与应用、欣赏与评述、综合与探索以及美术与相关文化。其中，综合与探索是美术学习的重要领域，是整个美术学习活动的基础，是培养学生美术综合能力的有效途径。虽然过去的《九年义务教育全日制美术教学大纲》也包括了综合探索的教学内容，但是，新的《美术课程标准》中的综合与探索无论在理念上还是在内容上都有很大程度的发展和变化。因此，有必要在新《美术课程标准》的基础上，借鉴过去综合教学的经验，发展出针对新课程标准关于综合与探索教学内容的有效教学模式，改变多年以来形成的美术教学模式过于单一缺乏整合的现实状况，提高综合与探索教学的质量，发展学生的综合知识能力，全面提高学生的美术素养和人文修养。
本研究从分析新的《美术课程标准》中“综合与探索教学”的价值理念和主要内容入手，比较了过去的“综合教学”与当前的“综合与探索教学”的区别。采用文献分析的手段对过去综合教学中的教学模式进行了搜集和整理，针对“综合与探索教学”各目标提出了适宜的教学策略，采用行动研究的手段设计了一系列“综合与探索教学”实例，并通过教学实践进行了反思，最后对未来“综合与探索教学”的发展提出了进一步的建议。
全文分为五个部分：
第一部分：阐述了国内外美术教育综合化的趋势对当今“综合与探索”教学领域的启示并提出研究思路与方法。
第二部分：《美术课程标准》对“综合与探索”教学的要求，教学的价值定位、主要内容与探索领域的理解并确定综合与探索领域的基本目标与阶段性目标。
第三部分：试图在新课程理念和建构主义观点的指导下，从教学观、学习观、知识观和评价观四个方面对传统美术教学和综合与探索教学进行比较研究。
第四部分：新课程标准理念下“综合与探索”教学模式的设计原则与策略
第五部分：小学美术综合与探索领域教学实践。对具体的教学设计进行分析，并通过访谈、问卷对综合探索教学效果有针对性地描述与解释。
关键词： 综合、探索、整合、教学策略、
Abstract ：The art courses are divided into four areas in the new "art curriculum standards," namely: modeling and performance, design and applications, and appreciate the comments, as well as the field of integrated and exploring and art culture. Among them, integrated and exploration is an important area of art study, which is the basis of study for the students and the effective way to improve the art comprehensive ability. Although the art compendium in the past also includes the contents of comprehensive exploration, however, the new "art curriculum standards" developed a lot in both ideas and content. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensive teaching from past experience, changing the actuality of single model for many years. To enhance the quality of comprehensive and exploration teaching, develop students’ knowledge capability to improve the quality of art teaching fully and humanities accomplishment.
This study start to analyze the value concepts and the main contents of integrated and exploring field of the new "art curriculum standards," and compare the "integrated education" and the current "comprehensive teaching and exploration of the" distinction in the past, The research method of this dissertation includes literature review, to collect and collate the Integrated Teaching in art teaching mode. The dissertation discusses the strategy of integrated and exploring field in arts education of primary school, then it gives the conclusions and suggestions to improve art teaching of integrated and exploring field and primary education reform.
The dissertation consists of five parts:
Part I: The paper reviews the modern trend of domestic and international art education about the field of "integration and exploration". It elaborates research thoughts and methods.
Part II: The paper confirm the requirements、value and the main content of the ""integration and exploration", bring forward appropriate aims.
Part III: To the new curriculum ideas and constructivist point of view, compare with study at the base of the concept of teaching、learning concept、the concept of knowledge and evaluation aspects of the traditional art of teaching.
Part IV: Design principles and strategies of teaching model in the "integration and exploration" field under the concept of the new “curriculum standard.
Part V: The "integration and exploration" teaching practice of primary school in arts. In this part, the paper gives art teaching, designs, analyzing, and describing and explaining to the "integration and exploration" teaching results by an interview and questionnaire.
Key words: Integrated; Exploration; Integration; Teaching strategies
绪 论
一、研究问题的提出
随着现代社会科学技术的高速发展，人类已步入了信息时代，在这个知识爆炸，信息瞬息万变的社会中，知识的总量及知识的增长的速度，科学技术的发明以及发明成果的跨学科性、综合性，迫使每一个教育成员不得不思考这样一个问题：把教育分割成一个个小块，各学科间界线分明及封闭式教学，是否有利于形成学生统一完整的知识系统；是否能够适应学生踏上社会后的生存与发展；能否培养出面对世界重大问题做出正确选择的视野宽阔的适应明天世界的综合型、复合型人才。于是，上世纪七十年代，许多国家组织和科研机构纷纷采取措施，把跨学科教育作为教育内容，推动学习的综合这一研究上。
施良方（2003，）三十年后的今天，有关此项研究方案不计其数，但没有统一体系，原因是存在三种不同的见解。第一种为保守派，认为将新的内容溶入传统教学内容中，即传统学科内容现代化；第二种为激进派，认为教育应该毫不犹豫地抛弃传统的内容，提出一套全新的取代之，他们认为传统的教育内容忽视现在和将来，“未来主义”是他们的秘密武器，他们力图打破传统分科，将内容重新整合，把教育与生活真正结合起来；第三种是中间派，这虽然有些谨慎，但无疑具有现实主义精神。
