摘 要:为了适应二十一世纪人才发展需要,我国提出了素质教育,素质教育是以个性和谐发展为核心的。但是,基础教育却面临这样实际的问题:学生个性发展不和谐,师生关系不和谐。和谐的师生关系是学生个性和谐发展的前提,在教学中,教师如何创建和谐师生关系来促进学生个性和谐发展呢?
本题尝试在化学教学中运用暗示教学法创设和谐师生学习情境,开启学生最易受暗示的“情感的后门”,使学生具备主体个性和谐发展的潜意识心理倾向。教师及时引导这个潜意识心理倾向与学生的自我实现的需要、兴趣和动机结合,使学生在“无抗阻”条件接下接受教师的引导,潜能得到挖掘。
本题首先剖析了高中生个性心理特征和个性发展规律,深入研究了G. 洛扎诺夫(Geogi lozanov)暗示教学法理论与实践在国内外的发展,然后对暗示教学法和一般课堂教学法做了比较研究,并对化学教学中运用暗示教学法促进学生个性和谐发展做了可行性分析。在吸收、借鉴暗示教学法研究成果的基础上,遵循暗示教学法基本原则,结合化学学科特点和学校客观情况,对暗示教学法进行了改革,使其对一般化学课堂教学具有可操作性,对每个学生的个性发展更有针对性。通过对试验结果分析,得出结论:在化学教学中运用暗示教学法有利于学生在学习中主体地位的体现;有利于和谐、平等的师生关系的建立;有利于强化学生个性优势,弱化个性劣势,促进学生个性和谐发展。
关键词: 个性发展 化学教学 暗示教学法 潜意识
ABSTRACT :Study on Applying Desuggestopedia to Developing Individual Differences of Students in Chemistry Teaching
The students in the era of Internet can obtain information through many channels and have quite different characters. It is a difficult task for teachers to educate their students so the traditional teaching styles have to rise to the challenge.
On the one hand, the psychology and development of individual differences are analyzed in this essay about the students in senior high school; on the other hand, the theory and practice of Geogi lozanov’s Desuggestopedia are introduced here. The essay illustrates how to create a harmonious atmosphere for teachers and students in chemistry teaching so that students can combine the unconscious with their self-realization, interest and motive to learn easily. It is mainly discussed that teachers should take advantage of the Desuggestopedia in chemistry teaching and reform it according to the subject chemistry and the situations in school in order to apply the new ideas to everyday chemistry classes.
A conclusion can be drawn from the experiments with a new teaching method: the application of Desuggestive teaching in chemistry teaching is advantageous to the embodiment of students’ leading position in study, the establishment of equal relationship between teachers and students and the healthful development of students’individual differences.
Key words: the healthful development of students’ individual differences
chemistry teaching unconscious desuggestive teaching
1. 问题的提出
苏联伟大的教育实践家苏霍姆林斯基曾经说:“学生到学校来不仅是学习,而且是来生活,他们在这里获得知识,寻找友谊,学会生活,形成个性。”作为中华民族未来和希望的二十一世纪中学生应该具有这样健康和谐的个性:不仅要有一定知识储备和学习能力,还应具有正确的自我意识,强烈的责任心,自信却不自负;有自我实现的远大抱负,又能不畏挫折,持之以恒;有良好的自我调控能力、适应能力、合作能力;乐观向上,积极进取,富于想象和创造精神。
为了适应二十一世纪人才发展需要,我国教育进行了一系列以素质教育为核心的各项改革,提出了知识与能力、过程与方法、情感态度和价值观的三维教育目标,它的最终目的是使学生的个性得到和谐发展。但是,目前我国基础教育实际存在着这样两个严重问题: 学生个性发展不和谐与师生关系不和谐。