摘要:语文教育的本质是心灵的唤醒与启悟,阅读是人的生命活动和心灵活动的主渠道。语文阅读教学是深入到人的心灵的对话活动,它对学生心灵人格的教育有独特的优势和特殊的意义。心灵对话教学的教育理念应该成为语文阅读教学的核心与灵魂。
本文基于对话教学理念研究语文阅读中的心灵对话教学,用相关理论指导中学语文阅读教学实践,不仅是要提出一种教育方法与模式,更是要强化“对人的精神的培养与熏陶”这一育人价值取向,在心灵对话的教学实践中对学生进行人性的滋润、人格的提升、心灵的影响,力图实现语文教育在发展人自身、造就人的精神、提升人性方面的价值。
本文研究内容分为四篇:现状篇、理论篇、实践篇、效果篇,分别探究现实状况、理论建构、实践策略、效果影响。现状篇旨在揭示中学语文阅读教学的现实困境,透析研究现状;理论篇意图在教育学、接受美学、文学创作与鉴赏学、文学心理学、建构主义等理论基础上,阐述阅读中的心灵对话教学内涵及其价值意义;并从创作者(文本作者)、鉴赏者(学生)、传授者(教师)三个角度、三位一体地阐释心灵对话教学;实践篇主要结合自身擅长的散文教学的实践和鲜活生动的教学案例,提出操作性强、可行性强的四大实施策略:情境感染法、想象内化法、话题激活法、课外延伸法;效果篇关注学生心灵精神的变革和提升,参考问卷调查,重点分析心灵对话教学对学生的精神人格、写作素养的多重影响。
关键词: 语文阅读 心灵对话教学 现状 理论 实践 效果
Abstract :The essence of Chinese education is to arouse the people’s internal spirits so as to illumine and wake them up. Reading is the main channel for human beings to have both vital and psychological movements. Chinese reading comprehension education is an interlocutory activity which sinks deep into the hearts of the people. It is dominant to fashion students’ characters, which has special meaning. Spiritual interlocutory education should be the core and soul of Chinese reading teaching.
The thesis is based on interlocutory education theory to have a research on spiritual interlocutory education on Chinese reading. It uses some interrelated theories to guide Chinese reading education, which is not only to prose an educational method or pattern, but also to strengthen a principle orientation – to cultivate school students’ spirits. It is going to use spiritual interlocutory education to moisten, upgrade and influence the students’ integrity so as to reality the value of Chinese education in developing and promoting human beings.
The thesis is composed of four chapters: Current Situation, Theory, Practice and Result. It researches into the current situation, the theory construction, the strategies to put the theories into practice and the effect on the results. Current Situation is aiming to reveal the difficulties in reading education in Chinese middle schools. It looks into current situation thoroughly,on the basis of pedagogies, reception esthetics, literature creation and appreciation, psychology of literature and structuralism. Theory tries to make an exposition of the connotation and the signification of spiritual interlocutory education. It also illuminates spiritual interlocutory education in terms of the creator ( the writer), the appreciator (the students) and the initiator (the teacher). Practice links to my own prose teaching practice and some vivid teaching cases, which propose four practicable and operable strategies: infecting circumstances, internalizing thoughts, activating topics, and extending to the society. Result pays much attention to the students’ spiritual changes and upgrades. According to the questionnaire survey, it stressed on how spiritual interlocutory education multiply influences students’ spiritual personality and writing attainment.
Keywords: Chinese reading, spiritual interlocutory education, current situation, theory, practice, result
引言
作为一种全新的教育理念,对话教学成为最近教育领域关注的焦点,体现出强大的生命力。自新课程标准引用“对话理论”之后,“对话”便成了当今课堂教学的时尚,实践对话理论也就成了教师的自觉追求。随着新一轮课程改革的不断深入,新课程所倡导的先进理念,尤其是“语文教学应在师生积极的心灵对话过程中进行”的理念,己逐渐地被广大教师所认同并接受。新课标提倡真正意义上的心灵对话,强调教师、学生、文本之间多元的心灵交流与互动。教师从事的本来就是塑造人的心灵的伟大而艰巨的工作,本文认为“心灵对话”的教育理念应该成为语文教学尤其是阅读教学的核心与灵魂。然而,当今的对话教学改革实践与理论方面的研究存有明显的偏差。如在教学实践中只追求“对话”的形似;在理论研究方面又集中于阐释对话理论的由来、论述对话理论的实践作用、介绍对话实践的个案等。这种追求形似的实践、流于表层内涵阐释的理论研究,在一定程度上阻碍了对话实践的深入。如果“对话”的实质缺失,“对话过程”必然沦为“形似实无”的假教学状态,“心灵对话”就更无从谈起。从另一方面看,“心灵对话”理念是一种新生事物,目前专门针对语文心灵对话教学进行的研究尚少,且缺乏理论上的系统建构,在实践层面也相对薄弱,然而,现有的对话教学研究成果对语文心灵对话教学的研究有一定的借鉴与参考价值。因此,本文在已有研究成果的基础上,试图对阅读中的“心灵对话教学”的理念作出较为全面深入的阐述,同时重点选择最能体现“心灵对话教学”理念的经典文体——散文,主要结合自身擅长的散文阅读教学实践,提出实施过程中的可行性策略,以期在理论与实践相结合的基础上,为语文阅读教学的改革与发展注入鲜活的血液,开辟一方全新的天地。