摘 要:新课程的实施为“教学创新”提供了广阔的舞台,传统的地理教学面临时代的挑战。“教学创新”的基点在于教会学生如何学习,这不仅要求教学目标和观念的更新,而且要求从内容到方法以及评价等的更新。概念图是一种表征、检查、修正、完善知识的认知工具,能将各种概念及其关系以类似于脑对知识存储的层级结构形式排列,清晰地揭示了意义建构的实质,其特有的强大教学功能日益凸显,成为国外学者研究的热点;而国内学者对这一问题尤其是概念图与地理学科的整合尚缺乏系统的探讨。他山之石可以攻玉,本研究在充分把握国内外概念图应用于教学的理论和实践的基础上,针对新课程改革实施的要求,试图构建本土化的概念图教学应用策略,旨在为高中地理教学提供一种有效的、可操作的改革新途径。
论文首先在介绍概念图涵义、特点、功能、国内外研究现状的基础上,寻找其相应的理论基础及自身的理论体系;其次结合高中地理的学科特点及学生的学习特点,较系统地探讨了概念图在高中地理教学中的功能及意义,举例阐述了地理概念图的分类及制作过程;本研究的主体部分着重分析了地理概念图教学对新课程改革的自适应功能,提出并归纳了概念图在地理教学中的应用策略;最后对概念图能有效提高教学和学习效果进行了初步的实验研究,研究表明概念图能有效促进学生学会学习,大面积提高学生的学业成绩,提高地理教学质量;并提出了研究中存在的问题及不足,有待于以后进一步改进、创新、丰富和完善。
本文的创新之处主要有以下几点:从认知主义到建构主义,从现代脑科学到多元智能理论,深层次挖掘了地理概念图教学的理论基础构建了其自身的理论体系;从有效教学和学力培养角度分析了地理概念图教学对新课改的自适应功能,较系统地归纳了概念图在高中地理教学中的应用策略,特别提出了富有地理特色的命题策略及空间概念图策略;初步探索用Inspiration7.6等软件编绘了多幅地理概念图。
关键词: 概念图 地理教学 应用
ABSTRACT :While the implementation of new curricula provides a broad stage for “instructional innovation”, it makes the traditional geographical teaching face challenge. Instructional innovation, the basic point of which lies in how to teach students to learn, asks for the renewal from teaching aims and concepts to teaching content, methods and evaluation. Concept map, a kind of cognitive tool signifying, checking, mending, perfecting knowledge, lines all kinds of concepts and their relations in stratified structure similar to the knowledge storage in the brain, and clearly reveals the essence of meaning construction. This kind of tool has become the highlight of research for foreign scholars because of its special powerful instructional function.However, domestic scholars are lacking in this aspect, and especially lacking in the combination of concept map with geography teaching. It can also be used in geography teaching. Based on the good master of concept-map-applied teaching theories and practice domestic and abroad , to meet the needs of new curricula innovation, this research tries to supply a new effective , practicable way for innovation .
Firstly this article arms to find the corresponding theoretical basis and its own theoretical system, after it introduces the connotation, characteristics and function of concept map and the present research state; secondly , combined with the features of geography subject and students in senior high school ,this paper systematically talks about the significance of concept map used in geographical teaching, illustrates the classification of geographical concept map and their making process; the body section ,analyses geographical concept map’s self-adapting function in teaching, puts forward and summarizes the concept map’s applied strategy in geographical teaching; At last, this passage makes preliminary experimental researches on efficient teaching and studying brought about by concept map, The research shows that concept map can help students to learn to study, get a substantial increase in marks, and enhance the quality of geography teaching; problems and deficiencies remain in this research which need to be further studied and perfected in the future.
The main innovations of this thesis: probe deeply into the theoretical basis and its own systems from cognitirism to constructivism, from modern brain science to multi-intellectual faculties; explores concept map, as a kind of effective strategy for teaching, studying, evaluation in senior high teaching, which have many functions and great significance; methodically sums up the application strategy of concept map used in geography teaching; especially puts forward propositional strategy and special concept map strategy; makes preliminary exploration of geographical concept maps made by software such as Inspiration7.6.
Key words: Concept map Geography teaching Application
引 言
一、研究背景
新世纪以来,我国地理教育改革步入一个崭新的阶段,现代性和基础性相结合,教育内容的整合与对“以人为本”的反思相结合,体现出培养完整的“人”和增强学科教学实用性的新思想。新课程的实施为教师的“教学创新”提供了广阔的舞台,“教学创新”的基点在于教会学生如何学习。在以“理念革新、信息技术革新、评价方式革新”等为主要内容的改革浪潮中,高考指挥棒束缚下传统地理教学的阴影仍是挥之不去的不和谐音符。怎样把本学科最基本、最重要、最持久起作用的知识,以最经济、最简捷的方式传授给学生,从而减轻学生的学习负担,充分发挥地理知识的教育价值,强调科学思维、科学方法、实践技能、创新能力和道德品质的综合培养和训练,为学生自主的构建合理的知识结构、个性的健全发展打下基础,成为最受关注的科研课题。因此,探索便于一线教师操作的现代教学策略、开发便于学生认知的现代学习工具,已是知识经济时代地理教育工作者刻不容缓的任务,这也是一项十分艰巨的任务。