摘 要：美国著名学者埃德加•富尔说过：“未来社会的文盲将不再是不识字的人，而是没有学会学习的人。”地理学科的综合性及地图载体的复杂性与高中文科生“死记硬背”的学习特点成为一对矛盾，阻碍高中地理教学的有效进行，培养文科生的地理综合能力是解决这一问题的最佳途径。普通高中地理新课程标准明确要求“地理教学的目的之一就是要让学生掌握必备的地理基础知识，培养他们的地理素养，增强学生的地理学习能力和生存能力，倡导自主学习、探究学习。”高中的地理课程是为进入高等学校做准备，因此，在高中地理教学中对学生地理综合能力的培养应放在一个重要的高度来认识。
培养文科生地理综合能力是地理学科的基础课题，是应对我国高等学校招生考试改革从“知识立意”到“能力立意”转变的必要准备，依据文科生的具体情况，把握地理学科特点，重点培养学生空间判断的能力、判读图表的能力、联系实际的能力、综合思维的能力。通过调查、统计及比对笔者发现培养文科生地理综合能力对培养学生地理素养，增强学生自主学习和探究学习，提高学生的学科成绩存在显著的作用。本文的主要创新点有两点：一是针对文科生的特点与地理学科相结合确定地理综合能力概念界定；针对文科生的学习状况、地理学习特点及地理综合能力培养途径进行分析。
关于培养文科生地理综合能力这个课题，目前国内国外的相关研究有很大的差距。国内的研究更多的是停留在理论上学术文章的讨论，课题研究的小范围的实验操作上，而国外教育发达的国家，已经在课程改革、教学等教育实践中积累了丰富的经验。本文在参考了国内外资料的基础上，依据教育教学心理学的相关理论，论述了高中教学培养文科生地理综合能力的必要性和重要性，调查了文科生的学习现状和与地理学科关系现状，分析了文科生的特点，文科生与地理关系现状分析则为地理综合能力培养确定侧重点。最后结合高中地理教学从常规教学、解题技巧培养、系统复习等途径提出了培养文科生地理综合能力的对策。
关键词：地理综合能力 文科生 高中教学 培养途径
Abstract ：An American expert said: “In the future, an illiterate person is not the one who can’t recognize words but the one who can’t learn.” While the comprehension of geography subject and the complex maps are in contradiction to the mechanical memorizing among liberal arts’ students, which blocks the effective senior geography teaching. Training the comprehensive ability of liberal arts’ students is the best way to solve this problem. The geography subject standard also emphasizes that one of the geography teaching aims is to let the students grasp the necessary basic geography knowledge, train their geography quality, strengthen their abilities of geography learning and living, and advocate learning by oneself and study learning . The senior geography course is the preparation of the university education, so the training comprehensive ability of liberal arts’ students in senior geography teaching should be taken seriously.
Training comprehensive ability of liberal arts’ students in senior geography is a basic question and also a necessary preparation in facing examination reform. It is also on the basis of the details of liberal arts’ students, grasps the characteristics of geography subject and emphasizes on training the abilities of judging space, reading graphs, combining reality and comprehensive thinking. By research and contract, I found training comprehensive ability of liberal arts’ students in senior geography plays an important part in training students’ geography quality, strengthening their learning ability and improving their study achievements.
About this question, Chinese study has a long distance from ones abroad. In some developed countries the study has accumulated rich experience, while our country only stays on the stage of discussing theories and doing experiments in a small range. This article, which is based on the data at home and abroad and also combines related psychological theory, discusses the necessity and importance of training comprehensive ability of liberal arts’ students in senior geography, does research of nowadays conditions between the study of liberal arts’ students and geography subject, analyzes the characteristics of them and concludes the former is the more important. At last, the article raises some methods of training the ability as well by combining senior geography teaching from the sides of solving problems and reviewing systems.
Key words：the comprehensive ability in geography; liberal arts’ students; senior teaching; training methods
第一章 研 究 背 景
1.1 学生地理综合能力培养问题的提出
通过高中多年地理教学实践和高考改卷经验，笔者发现地理常规教学中教师受高考升学压力影响，应试现象非常普遍，诸如：教师唱独角戏的“满堂灌”教法；片面强调“背多分”的学习方法；代替学生思维的教学现象；强调课文的讲解，忽视学生地图习惯的养成等。高考文科综合试卷中学生常见的地理学科问题也非常突出，例如：基本概念和基本原理掌握不扎实；地理的空间位置判断不准确；判读图表的能力不强；不善于逻辑推理、归纳与综合；表述能力差、答题不规范等。这些问题都是忽视高中文科生地理综合能力培养的直接原因。
