摘 要:本研究采用社会科学中日益兴起的质的研究方法,通过现场观察,深度访谈,对象自呈,对象教研成果分析等方法收集资料,对运城市某中学的一位体育教师在教学实践中进行的行动研究进行了研究。
本研究体现了两条研究思路,一是我对这位教师所进行的行动研究的描述,通过听课、访谈及教研成果分析,描述了这位教师是如何在教学中发现问题、明确问题、解决问题的,他是如何确定研究课题、制定研究计划的; 二是我对这位教师的研究所进行的研究,主要分析了他是如何进行研究,他作为一名研究者存在的优势与不足。
本研究通过构建三个案例的形式来展开研究过程。案例1主要描述与分析了该老师在高中篮球教学中围绕“行进间单手肩上投篮”,通过教学反思展开的教学方法的研究;案例2主要描述与分析了他在校本课程开发中,立足学校实际,借鉴外出学习、交流的一些经验体会,开展以自制“小沙瓶”为教具的教学研究;案例3主要描述了他针对高中女生“喜静怕动”的体育教学现状,通过查资料寻找、分析原因,根据自身以及身边可利用有效的教学资源来调整教学策略,改进教学方法所进行的教学研究。
通过研究,发现一个普通教师,要成长为一名教学研究型教师必须具备一定的条件,这些条件可分为内部和外部两个方面。其中内部条件包括:热爱教育,改变教学观念,具备一定的研究素质和个性特点;外部条件包括:教师要有条件运用各种研究资源,学校管理者要为教师创设一种宽松、民主的研究气氛。教学研究在教师的专业成长中起着非常重要的促进作用,但教学研究在教师成长中的地位却不容乐观。
【关键词】教学研究 体育教师 专业成长 个案研究
Abstract :This present thesis is the result of a study on the research about the action of a P.E. teacher from a middle school in YunCheng; during his teaching practice. the method adopted here is the so-called quality method which is done by observing , interviewing, the self-presence of the subject.
The present study embodies two tracks of thoughts: one is my description of this teacher’s research on action. The content includes that how the teacher find problems, make it definite and solve then solve it, how he set the research subject, set up the plan for research; the other one is my study on the teacher’s research. The content is about how he conducts the research, his advantage and weaknesses in doing it.
The present study is developed by constructing three cases. The first case is describing and analyzing the teacher’s teaching basketball surrounding the skill drill “shooting the basket across shoulder while marching”, exploring the teaching method by reflecting after teaching; the second case is describing and analyzing the teacher’s teaching study of developing a new course, in which making teaching aids with little bottles full of sands based on the reality and some experiences learned from others; the third case is describing his research on collecting data and analyzing it, adjusting teaching strategies and improving the teaching method aimed at solving the problem of girl students’ always being quiet and static rather than being brisk and active.
Through the study, the present teacher finds that to be a study-oriented teacher, the teacher must possess some inner and external qualities. Among them the inner qualities include loving education, changing the idea of teaching, possessing the quality of conducting a research and unique personalities; the external qualities include: abundant teaching resources, a relaxed and democratic atmosphere of study created by the school administration. Teaching study by a teacher plays an important role in the teacher’s progress in his major.
【Key words】Teaching Research;Action Research;The Case Study Reflection on teaching
1 引言
1.1 问题的提出
随着人类由农业社会向工业社会再由工业社会后工业社会的转型,教育对社会发展的巨大促进作用越来越得以彰显,社会对高素质人才的需求较以往任何时期都显得更为迫切。各国政府和有关组织不仅先后都将教育发展的水平作为衡量其综合国力的主要指标之一,而且无一例外地将其置于优先发展的重要地位。
在这一背景下,教师仅仅作为一种“传道、授业、解惑”的职业已远远不能适应社会发展对教师提出的新要求,教师要由“知识传授型”向“教学研究型”转化,走专业化发展的道路才是唯一可行的必然选择。苏霍姆林斯基曾说过,如果你想让教师的劳动能够给教师带来乐趣,使天天上课不至于变成一种单调乏味的义务,那么你就应当引导每一位教师走上从事研究这条幸福的道路上来。英国著名的课程学家斯腾豪斯在20世纪70年代就提出“教育科学的理想是,每一个课堂都是实验室,每一名教师都是科学研究的成员。”近几年来,国内很多学校都提出了“科研兴校”的口号,一些教师已经参与到研究者的行列中来,一些教育理论家开始意识到教师作为研究者所具有的独特魅力。华东师范大学的陈桂生教授认为,教育研究应从活生生的教育实践中汲取教育的诗情,呼吁到中小学去研究教育(陈桂生,2000:1)。