摘要: 随着市场经济的发展，我国中等专业美术教育模式与市场对美术设计人才需求之间的矛盾变得更加突出。受传统教育模式的影响，很多中专美术学校的毕业生由于缺乏技能技术等实际应用能力和必要的职业素质培训，在社会上很难找到立足之地。在改革开放的大趋势下，面对严峻的生存与发展环境，中专美术学校纷纷进行改革尝试，并通过改革探索获得了宝贵的教改经验。但从总体上讲，由于缺乏系统性和整体的思考与布局，中专教育改革尚存在诸多问题，改革进行的不彻底、有很大的盲目性，旧的教学模式和教学观念依然存在，旧的教育体制未从根本上得到改变。如今，国家大力发展职业教育，市场急需职业人才，在这样的背景下，中专美术的职业化教育改革成了一个迫在眉睫的研究课题。本文对国内艺术学校、电影电视学校、经贸学校等一些中专学校的美术专业的教育及发展状况做了详细的调查与统计，并分别从以下几个角度对中专美术的教育改革作了分析与研究：中专美术的教育现状；美术职业化教育的可能性和必要性；职业化改革中面临的问题以及思考和对策；在中专美术教育现状的研究中，运用了数据分析和对比，阐述了改革的迫切性，同时针对当前中专美术在教育改革中所做的一些尝试，进行了思考和总结；在对美术职业化教育的可能性和必要性的分析中，本文结合社会经济的发展和国家政策的大力支持，对我国职业教育的发展前景给予充分肯定，指明中专美术教育向职业化方向发展将是中专教改的必然趋势。在文中，通过对中外美术的职业化教育程度的对比，指出了我国中专美术教育同西方国家的差距，同时也给予中专美术教育改革一些可借鉴的经验；在职业化改革所面临的问题中，本文根据外部环境的影响和中专教育自身的特点，提出了关于专业与课程设置、学生综合素质、创新教学模式、知识更新和设施先进化及一些相关问题，以及这些问题对中专美术教育改革所产生的重要影响；文章在对中专美术职业化教育的研究与实践中，针对这些问题进行分析与思考，并从理论和实践的角度给予研究和实施对策:如何优化专业设置、调整课程结构；怎样改进教学模式以及创建学生就业服务与指导体系。本文通过以上的研究和分析，论述了中专美术教育的职业化改革方向，提出了关于中专美术教育创建具有自身特点和优势的职业教育体系的见解，阐明了从专业与课程体系到教育教学形式再到师生素质等一系列教育改革内容，强调中专美术专业的教育应改变传统的重理论、轻实践；重知识、轻技能的教学理念，注重对学生技术技能的培训，提高学生的实践能力和创造、创新能力,从而使中专美术的教育模式更加符合时代的需求,也更加符合教育自身发展的需求。
关键词：中专 美术 教育改革 职业化
Abstract: Along with development of market economy in our country ,the contradiction is more prominent between vocational education pattern of fine arts and the market need for art designers. By the influence of traditional education pattern, many graduates from art schools are very difficult to find the foothold in the society because they lack practical application abilities and essential vocational guality training. Under the education reform major tendency, facing the stern survival and the development environment, the fine arts vocational schools carry on the reform attempt in abundance, and have obtained the precious educational reform experience through the reform exploration.
Overall, for lank of systematic and comprehensive consideration and arrangement,there are still many problems for the vocational education reform, for example, the reform carried on is not thorough, with the very big blindness; the existence of old teaching pattern ideas;and the old education system has not fundamentally changed. Now, the state vigorously develops the vocational education,the market urgently need people with professional or vocational skills. Under this background, vocational education reform for fine arts becomes an imminent research topic.
This article illustrates detailed investigation and the statistics about art vocational education and development in vocational schools such as ShaanXi Art School,Movie and TV School, Economy and Trade school. The article also analysis and studies in different angles about fine arts vocational education reform: present situation of fine arts vocational education;The possibility and must for fine arts vocationalism education;The problems, reflection and countermeasure in the professionalism or vocationalism education reform; By analyzing present situation of fine arts education with statistics and comparison, the author elaborated the urgency for the reform, meanwhile ponder and summarize some reform attempts; By analyzing the possibility and necessity of vocationalism of fine arts education, along with the development of social economy and vigorously support from national policy, the article gives the full affirmation to vocational education prospects in our country, and indicates vocationalism will be inevitable trend for regular fine arts school education reform. By comparing vocational education in China with that in western countries, the articles points out the disparity between them, and provides some advice that educators can benefit from. By illustrating the problems during the reform, the article presents some related issues about speciality and curriculum, students′ comprehensive qualities,innovative teaching methods, continuing education and advanced facilities etc, and their impacts to fine arts education reform. By conducting research on vocational education and practice, the article gives analysis and implementation countermeasure from both theory and the practice angle: How to optimizes the specialized major, the adjustment of curriculum structure; How to improve teaching methods, and provide student career services and guide. By above research and the analysis, the author elaborated reform direction of fine arts education vocationalism ,and has expounded reform contents from the specialty and the curriculum system, teaching styles to the qualities of teachers and students. The article emphasizes the reform on changing traditional teaching methods that focus more on theory than practice, more knowledge than skills; It advocates the training on student′s capabilities and skills, methods that sharpens student′s skills and the creative and innovative abilities. In a result,the fine arts education pattern will meet better need of market and the education development itself.
Key words: fine arts education, art vocational education, art education reform, art vocational
第一章 中专美术的教育现状
一、中专教育的界定
中专教育是指在初等教育的基础上,培养学生全面发展或培养学生具有某种专业知识的教育，按传统提法，中专教育的培养目标是为国家培养中等层次的技术人才与管理人才，它与中等职业学校不同之处在于它由国家统招统分，学生可得教育资金补助，毕业后具有“干部”身份，并有一定的工作保障。但随着改革开放和社会主义市场经济的深入发展，如今的招生和就业形式都已发生了巨大的变化，中专教育传统办学模式的局限性也日益鲜明。如今，其培养目标的重新界定、专业及课程体系的优化、教学观念的更新等已成为我们亟待探究的一个重要课题。
