摘要:“探究性教学”和“信息技术与数学课程整合”是目前我国基础教育课程改革的两大核心内容,如何有效实施这两种教学理念是广大中学数学教师所面临的主要问题。“几何画板”能将静态图形动态化,能让学生通过实验充分体会发现规律——提出猜想——推理证明的数学学习过程,为数学规律的发现式探究教学提供了最理想的环境,能够实现两种教学理念的完美结合。本文研究了能将这两种教育理念相结合的教学方式“几何画板辅助数学实验性探究教学”的有效性和可操作性。
本文首先对数学实验性探究教学的概念作了科学的界定,结合几何画板的特点分析了选择该软件辅助数学教学的原因,并对几何画板辅助数学实验性探究教学的必要性从生理学角度、认知主义学习论、行为主义学习论、建构主义学习论四个方面进行了理论证明。
然后在分析了教学过程基本要素和教学设计应注意问题的基础上,总结出了实验性探究教学的基本模式“创设问题情境——进行实验探索——发现结论,提出猜想——理论证明——反思、体验、提高”,并根据教学内容和具体实施步骤的不同将教学模式分为演示型实验探究课、发现型实验探究课、发散型实验探究课、验证型实验探究课四种类型,对每种课型通过具体教学实践从教学过程的实施、课堂学生的表现、课后教学效果等方面进行了详细分析,通过实践检验了该教学模式的可操作性。
最后,通过对比实验法、调查问卷法和数据分析法,对该教学方式和教学模式的有效性从学生的学习态度、学习方式、学习成绩等方面进行了分析和论证。
研究结果表明,利用几何画板通过实验的方式进行数学教学,学生的学习方法、学习态度以及学习成绩,都有较为明显的改善和提高。在这种教学方式下,学生在几何画板创设的“虚拟实验室”里,在教师的指导下以研究者的身份主动地进行探索和发现、获取数学知识,学习方式由以往的被动地学习变为主动地发现探索式学习,从而使学生的观察力、数学应用能力、形象思维与抽象思维能力以及创造力都得到了有效的培养和提高,也使得现代教育技术成为数学教学必不可少的工具,实现了两种教学理念的完美结合。
关键词:探究性教学,几何画板,数学实验,教学模式.
The Research of Experimental Inquiring Teaching in Senior School Mathematics With The Geometer Sketchpad
Abstract:“The Exploring Teaching” and “The Information Technology and Mathematics Curriculum Integration” is two core problems of our country basic education curriculum reform at present, and how to effectively put the two ideas into practice is main problem to teachers of the frontline. The Geometer Sketchpad can Dynamic static graph, the students can found the law and raised their own guess-- Inference and proved mathematical learning process, and giving best environment to Mathematical rules for The Exploring Teaching ,realizing two teaching concept union perfectly.This paper studies how to combine the two educations,“Teaching Experimental Inauires in senior school Mathematics with The Geometer Sketchpad”
Above all, this article limits the conception of the experimental exploring teaching and analyses the reason why the software of geometry drawing board is selected to assist mathematical teaching with the characteristic of geometry drawing board .And it gives the theoretically demonstration to the necessity of this kind of teaching pattern from four angels: the psychology, the cognition principle study, behaviorism study and construction principle study.
Then it concludes the basic pattern of experimental exploring teaching based on the analysis of teaching-factors process and aspects that should be adverted during the teaching designing. The pattern is:“establishing question situation—experiment exploring—discovering conclusion and proposing suspicion —proving theory —reconsidering、experiencing、improving”.And the exploring class is divided into four types: demonstration model, discovery model, dispersing model and confirmation model according to the teaching content and concrete performing steps. The teacher should give detailed analysis and know the maneuverability to each kind of type by concrete teaching experience from performing the teaching process, the behavior of student and the teaching effect after class.
Finally, through the contrast experiment, adjusts the questioning volume and the data analytic method, to the analyze and the prove this teaching way from student''s study manner, study way, academic record and so on.The findings indicated that, mathematics teaching using the geometry drawing board, student’s study method, the study manner as well as the academic record, all has the distinct improvement and the enhancement. Under this teaching way, the student establishes “the hypothesized laboratory” in the geometry drawing board in, carries on the exploration and the discovery, the gain mathematics knowledge on own initiative under teacher''s instruction by researcher''s status, caused the student by formerly passively to study becomes discovered on own initiative the exploration type study, has highlighted student''s main body status, fully manifested under the new curriculum "to inquire into the nature" the teaching idea, it simultaneously enabled the modern education technology to become the mathematics teaching essential tool, but no longer was for apply "the technology" to use. Thus truly has realized two kind of teaching ideas perfect union.
Key word: The Exploring Teaching; The Geometer Sketchpads; Mathematics experiment; Educational model.
1.问题提出
1.1选题缘由
探究教学是当前教育改革的焦点问题之一,也是一个亟待研究的重要理论课题和实践课题,具有重大的研究价值。
传统教学观念在升学考试的束缚和重压下,教学过程中长期只注重书本知识的传授和直接经验的获得,而忽视了学生的学习过程和探索精神的培养;造成学生学习兴趣下降,学习负担加重,探索精神萎缩,影响了学生的创造力。而探究性教学重视知识发生发展的过程,有利于开发学生的智力,培养合作精神和独立思考能力,特别是创造思维能力,还可以激发学习兴趣,产生自觉学习的动机。
新一轮的课程改革正是在此基础上以探究性学习、合作学习为主导思想进行的改革,目的是培养学生的探究精神和创造能力;
另外,新的课程理念还强调要注重“信息技术与数学课程的整合”。尽可能利用信息技术来呈现以往教学中难以呈现的课程内容,尽可能使用各种教学软件帮助学生进行探索和发现。