摘 要:20世纪末,世界各国的课程改革都围绕国家课程开发与校本课程开发的两者之间寻求立足点,以期更好地发挥课程的功效。校本课程开发是完全自发、自主的课程开发,是完全出于学校内部需要,完全依靠自身的条件和资源的课程开发活动。我国的基础教育课程通过近几年的探索和研究,走上了顺应潮流的改革之路。增强了课程对学校、学生的适应性,让学校自身拥有一定的课程决策权和选择权。本课题根据云南省师大附中三年来开发的体育校本课程进行个案研究,对其开发过程及效果进行分析,为云南省的高中体育校本课程开发找到可行性的模式。为了体现学校育人目标,建设既适合学校实际情况又满足学生需要的课程体系,师大附中体育教研室,通过设立校本科程,发展特色项目,用学校与国家课程相整合的方法,开展了现行教材扩展和深化的实验研究。将课程教材改革具体落实到课程设置和教材使用上,通过对教学内容扩展深化以适应学生主动参与的需要,提高教材的激趣内容,以增加学生的活动量,使体育与健康课程的具体实施目标落到实处。云南师大附中体育校本课程的开发,从“选修课和活动课”走向“校本课程”实际上就是校本课程开发的过程,集中体现了课程权力再分配、学校与教师参与课程决策、学生有权选择课程的理念,这一理念是一种世界性的课程改革潮流。
关键词:基础教育 校本课程 结构 体育 全面发展 特色
Development and research on middle school attached to YunNan normal. University P.E Collated and corrected copy curriculum.
Abstract :At the end of the 20th century, the various countries curriculum reforms seek the standpoint between the national curriculum development and the collated and corrected copy curriculum development to display the curriculum well .The collated and corrected copy curriculum development is completely spontaneous, the independent curriculum development, stems from the school interior need completely, and depends upon own condition and the resources curriculum development operation completely. Through in recent years’ exploration and the research our country''s elementary education curriculum has stepped onto the road complied with the tidal current reform, and has strengthened the curriculum to the school, student''s compatibility, and let school oneself have the certain curriculum decision-making power and the option. According to the three years’ sports collated and corrected copy curriculum of the Middle School Attached to Yunnan Normal University ,this topic conducts the research carries on the analysis to its performance history and the effect, to find the feasible pattern for Yunnan Province''s high school sports collated and corrected copy curriculum. In order to manifest the goal of nurture the human, and construct the curriculum system which both suits the school actual situation and satisfies the students’ needs. Through the establishment of school undergraduate course regulation, and the development of characteristic project, the sports faculty working office of the Middle School Attached to Yunnan Normal University has developed the present teaching material expansion and the deepened experimental study with the school and the national curriculum conformity method, to reform the curriculum teaching material carries out in specifically the curriculum and the teaching material use to meet the need of the student participation on own initiative by deepening to the course content expansion, to increases student''s active mass by enhance the teaching material the violent interest content which let sports and the healthy curriculum concrete implementation goal lands on feet. The Middle School Attached to Yunnan Normal University sports collated and corrected copy curriculum development which from “the elective course and elective course and activity lesson” to “the collated and corrected copy curriculum” was the process which the collated and corrected copy curriculum developed in fact, this was manifested centrally the curriculum authority redistribution, the participation of school and teacher in the curriculum decision-making, the student is authorized to choose the curriculum at himself idea, this is one kind of worldwide basis curriculum reform tidal current.
Key word: Elementary education Collated and corrected copy curriculum Structure Sports Full scale development Characteristic
前 言
科学技术高速发展的现代社会,各个领域呈现多元、多维、多变化、多角度的发展状态。教育思想、观念、理论学说的产生、行时、综合、消融的速度也大大加快 。而学校体育受终身体育、快乐体育、主动体育、发展运动能力为中心等体育教学思想的冲击和影响,初步形成了多种教学思想并存、争妍的态势。我省是一个经济欠发达,基础教育落后的边远民族地区,思想理念、意识形态及信息方面都较为滞后闭塞,学生随着年龄的增长和知识面的拓宽,个体生理发展基本稳定和成熟,对体育课的要求也越来越高,内容单一的、模式固定的体育课逐渐失去了它的吸引力,教学的质量不高,形式的整齐划一,教师不能顺应学生个性发展的需要去教学,限制了学生个性发展,因此学生参与意识淡薄,学生体质明显下降,很多家长、学生、教师对目前中学体育课程的现状不满。无论是对学生的锻炼效果还是终身体育意识的培养都极为不利。这种状况下,迫切需要我们教育工作者运用科学的现代教育理念,综合性的利用体育理论、技术和技能,创新出新颖、有效的具有一定价值的教学新思路和新模式。云南师大附中自2001年以来从本校的实际情况出发,以科研为先导,将课程教材改革具体落实到课程设置和教材使用上。通过教学内容扩展以适应学生主动参与的需要,通过增加教材的情趣内容,来增加学生活动量,探索培养21世纪高素质人才的高中课程教材改革与课程实施的基本思路。充分发挥资源优势,开发体育校本课程,为完成体育健康五个领域目标,从理论到实践进行了大量的探索与创新。本课题结合云南师大附中高中校本教材的研发情况,探讨学校体育校本课程建设的模式与有关问题。