小学语文教学中的经典教育探讨

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摘要：小学语文教学中的经典教育探讨是我校研究立项课题之一。本文是该课题研究的部分成果。在小学语文教学中进行经典教育既是对语文教学本质的回归，又是对传统语文教学的超越。语文教学要承担起传承民族优秀文化、建构学生优良品格、提高学生语文素养的重任，就必然回归到那些积淀了人类思想精髓及民族文化精华的经典文本之中，超越偏重知识技能训练而轻视人文教育的传统语文教学。最终，完成小学语文教学的历史使命。该课题即着眼于此，审视目前小学语文教学中的经典教育现状，对经典教育的内涵和必要性、经典教育的价值趋向及经典教育的实施等问题作了初步探讨。希望通过本研究，能在小学语文教学经典教育方面有所贡献，为今后的深入研究提供一些有益参考。
全文由四个部分构成：
第一部分：经典教育的内涵与小学语文教学中经典教育的必要性。首先揭示经典与经典教育的内涵。其次着重从经典教育是时代赋予语文教学的历史使命、是传承民族文化的需要、是学生自身成长的必然要求三个方面，论证小学语文教学中经典教育的必要性。
第二部分：小学语文教学中经典教育的价值趋向。具体从以下四个方面加以论述：一、人格的塑造：经典教育的永恒追求；二、人的可持续发展：经典教育的着眼点；三、储存与记忆：经典教育的积累过程；四、让学习变成享受：经典教育的理想境界。经典教育着眼于学生的可持续发展，追求学生内在精神的建构、心灵的陶冶和人格的完善。让经典储存于学生记忆，成为其取之不尽、用之不竭的精神财富和力量源泉。
第三部分：小学语文教学中经典教育的实施。经典教育具有深远的价值，我们必须在实际教学过程中发挥它的作用。此部分结合经典教育实践，以具体的经典教育案例探讨经典教育的实施方法。经典教育实施中最常用的方法是：一、经典环境陶冶法。主要论述如何营造校园经典环境和家庭经典环境，以潜移默化地影响学生；二、经典诵读对话法。通过熟读记诵经典、对话交流经典、延伸阅读经典，让学生积累经典、感受经典和理解经典，从而培养学生语感，提高其语文素养，使其学会交流，学会合作，获得美感熏陶、人格提升和精神建构；三、经典活动教学法。好动是小学生的天性。让学生在游戏、竞赛、交往、操作、欣赏等各类经典教育活动中，与经典为伴，和圣贤为友，与经典共存在、共成长。经典教育也会始终情趣盎然。
第四部分：小学语文教学中经典教育应注意的问题。经典教育要达到良好的教育效果，还应特别注意以下几点：一、实现语文教学与经典教育的有机整合和良性互动；二、教师应持开放的心态；三、教师要善于期待；四、教师应具有深厚的文化底蕴。
关键词：小学语文教学；经典；经典教育

Discussion on Classic Education in Chinese Teaching in Primary School

Abstract ：The discussion on Classic Education in Chinese teaching in primary school is one of the topics studied and approved and initiate a project on in our academy. This research is partial achievement of that topic. Classic education is both the reversion of the essence of Chinese teaching and the transcendency to the traditional Chinese teaching in primary school Chinese teaching. The Chinese teaching must undertake the important task which will continue the splendid national culture, help the students construct good character and enhance their Chinese quality, so the teaching must revert to the classic books which store up the quintessence of human thoughts and the cream of national culture. And the teaching should also transcend the traditional Chinese teaching that attaches importance to the knowledge and technic but neglects the humanistic education. Finally live up to the historical mission of the primary school Chinese teaching. This research with a view to this, look closely at the educational actuality in the Chinese teaching in primary school. It also gives elementary research on the connotation, necessity, value trend and implementation of classic education. It is hoped that this research can make a contribution to the classic education in primary school Chinese teaching and provide a reference to the deep research for the future.
The full text consists of four parts:
Part one: The connotation and necessity of classic education in Chinese teaching in primary school. First of all, it gives the connotation of classic and classic education. Secondly, it analyses the necessity of classic education in Chinese teaching in primary school from three aspects, namely the classic education is historical mission the era has bestowed on Chinese teaching, the necessity of continuing national culture and the inevitable requirement of students’ own growth.
Part two: The value trend of classic education in Chinese teaching in primary school. It is concretely demonstrated from four aspects: First, the moulding of the personality, which is the eternal pursuit of classic education. Second, sustained development of the man, which is the starting point of classic education. Third, store and memorizing, which is the accumulation process of classic education. Four, the study should turn into a treat, which is the ideal state of classic education. The classic education has its eyes on the students’ sustained development in order to construct their inner mind, exert a favorable influence on their heart and perfect their personality. The classics will be stored in the students’ memory and become inexhaustible of strength and spiritual wealth.
Part three: The implementation of classic education in Chinese teaching in primary school. The classic education has such profound value that we must make it be effective in the concrete teaching process. This part combined with practice of classic education, probes into the methods of implementation in classic education using concrete cases of classic education. The methods most in use is as follows: Ⅰ. The method of classic experimental influence. It is demonstrated how to create a classic environment in school and family to bring changes to the students.Ⅱ．The method of classic reading and making dialogues. By reading , reciting, intercommunicating and diffusely reading the classic books, the students should accumulate, experience and understand the classics in order to develop their instinctive feel for language and to enhance their Chinese character. By doing this, they will also learn how to intercommunicate and cooperate, and then they can feel the influence of beauty and get the promotion of personality and building of mind. Ⅲ. The method of classic activities. It is the nature of the pupil to be sporty. The students will benefit in their growth from sages and classics in the varied classic education such as game, competition, communication, operation and appreciation. Classic education will always be full of interest.
Part four: The problems, which should be paid attention to in Chinese teaching in primary school. In order to get good educational effect, the following notes should be paid attention to: First, The Chinese teaching should get flexible combination and interaction with classic education. Second, the teachers should have a open mental attitude. Third, the teachers should be good at expecting. Four, the teachers should have profound cultural deposits.

Key words: Chinese teaching in primary school, Classic, Classic education

引 言
在经典文化的沐浴和熏陶中，在语文新课程的启迪下，我们开始了“小学语文教学中经典教育”的课题研究。其旨在通过对小学生进行经典教育，做到对中华五千年文明的传承，用中华文化的乳汁哺育他们成长，端正和提高他们对自然、社会、人生的认识。随着课题的展开和研究的深入，我们越来越深切感受到民族文化的深邃与博大，认识到这一课题研究的深远意义和伟大价值。

目录：
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
引言…………………………………………………………………………………1
一、经典教育的内涵与小学语文教学中经典教育的必要性……………………2
（一）经典的内涵………………………………………………………………2
（二）经典教育的内涵…………………………………………………………2
（三）小学语文教学中经典教育的必要性……………………………………3
二、小学语文教学中经典教育的价值趋向………………………………………7
（一）人格的塑造：经典教育的永恒追求……………………………………7
（二）人的可持续发展：经典教育的着眼点…………………………………10
（三）储存与记忆：经典教育的积累过程…………………………………12
（四）让学习变成享受：经典教育的理想境界……………………………14
三、小学语文教学中经典教育的实施……………………………………………15
（一）经典环境陶冶法………………………………………………………16
（二）经典诵读对话法………………………………………………………20
（三）经典活动教学法………………………………………………………30
四、小学语文教学中经典教育应注意的问题……………………………………37
（一）要实现语文教学与经典教育的有机整合和良性互动………………37
（二）教师要持开放的经典教育心态………………………………………38
（三）教师要善于期待………………………………………………………39
（四）教师应具有深厚的文化底蕴…………………………………………39
注释…………………………………………………………………………………41
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………44
致谢…………………………………………………………………………………46
攻读学位期间发表的学术论文……………………………………………………47
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