摘 要:在基础教育课程改革的背景下,本文从教材编写角度研究分析了小学中年级新课程标准实验教材阅读“教学活动”设计情况。力图通过阅读“教学活动”揭示教材阅读教学内容的取向,考察教材体现的阅读教学理念与课程阅读目标落实情况。论文分四部分。第一部分说明研究背景、研究意义、研究对象与研究方法,并对阅读“教学活动”进行概念界定,概说阅读“教学活动”的设计特点以及阅读“练习活动”在性质、数量、题型等方面的设计情况。阅读“教学活动”指教材阅读的“练习活动”和“导学活动”设计,前者重在考察学生的阅读能力,启发学生思考练习;后者重在引导学生掌握阅读方法,养成阅读习惯。二者与课文紧密结合进行阅读能力的教学指导训练,作为阅读训练系统起着“导教”和“导学”的双重任务。阅读“教学活动”设计特点,主要体现在以学习伙伴的口吻提出学习和练习的内容;强化导学的功能,促进学生学习方式的转变。第二部分就“阅读方式”练习活动内容进行研究,进一步分析“练习活动”针对以往“肢解式”与“接受式”文本阅读方式所做的调整,研究发现“练习活动”多从文本“整体感知”、引导学生“言说感受”等方面进行设计,力求凸显教材落实课程阅读教学目标以“把握内容,体会感情”为重点的设计意图,启发教师改变旧的阅读教学解析方式,引导学生正确理解文本。第三部分针对“阅读策略”导学活动内容展开研究。阅读“导学活动”设计从单纯关注选文本身,到注重指导学生边读书边思考、边想象,学会提出并解答问题等具体阅读方法、策略,对阅读能力形成具有较好的支撑作用,意义重大。教材打破知识编排的体系,从学生认知学习特点和语文学科技能性知识出发设计活动,力图使学生能将阅读策略知识转化为阅读能力。这种设计紧密结合具体课文展开,指导具体深入,教益不致落空,颇有创意。最后,就“阅读积累”教学活动内容进行研究。教材从“练习活动”和“导学活动”两方面,共同引导学生养成良好的背诵、摘抄习惯;引导师生依存课文“语境”进行语文词句知识和课文“优美词句、精彩段落”、课外语言素材的学习、积累。
关键词:课程标准实验教材;阅读“教学活动”;阅读方式;阅读策略;阅读积累
TO RESEARCH THE DESIGN OF “TEACHING AND LEARNING PRACTICE”OF READING FOR GRADE 3-4 OF PRIMARY SCHOOL
——BASED ON THE STANDARD EXPERIMENTAL TEACHING MATERIALS OF THE PEP EDITION AND BNU EDITION
Abstract :With the development of basic education reform, the textbook of junior school has also adopted new standard. The article aims at the “teaching and learning practice” of reading text, through analyzing the content of reading practice to researching its consistency of the teaching aim and idea. The article includes the following four parts: The first part introduced the background, meaning, way and object of the research, and defined the concept of “teaching and learning” of reading practice. It also briefly introduced the character of “teaching and learning” and practicing of reading. “ teaching and learning ” of reading means the “practice activity” and “guide activity” of text reading. “ practice activity ” is inspect the reading ability of students, and enlighten thinking ability of students. The “guide activity” is to help students master the reading skills, and be of good reading habit. By closely combined with the content of textbook, the reading practice system not only help teachers teach but also guide students study. The designs character of “teaching and learning ” is mainly concerted in bringing up the content of study by partners tone,and stressed through guide to improve the ways of students study. The second part researched into the content of practice of “ways of reading”. It further analyzed the changes of practice activity by comparing with the older “separated way” and “accepted way”. When we design the plan of “teaching and learning ”, it should stress “catch content, feel emotion to make the teacher to change the way of reading teaching, and guide the student to understand the text correctly. The third part researched into the content of “reading strategy”. The design of study guiding should change the key points from article itself to lead student think and imagine while reading. The design should also be able to make the student master the skills and strategy of reading, such as raising and answering question by themselves, so it will be useful to improve the students reading ability. The textbook should break the old compiling system. It should according to the character of student’s recognize study and the language study to compile the teaching material so that the student can change the knowledge of reading skills to reading ability. The design should closely combine with the text, and the guide should be specific and deep going. At the end of the article, it researched into “reading accumulation” of the “teaching and learning”. “practice activity” and “guide activity” of the text guide the students to cultivate good habits of reciting and taking notes; guide both teacher and student study and accumulate the knowledge of language and literature, graceful words and sentences, perfect paragraph and other language material on the basis of language environment.
KEY WORDS: experimental teaching materials based on the curriculum standard for compulsory education; “teaching and learning practice” of reading; ways of reading; reading strategy; reading accumulating
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景与研究意义
长期以来,传统教学理论坚持把教学过程的本质定位在特殊认识的层面上,教学过程被简化为知识的授受过程,知识的告诉与被告诉过程。这样的认识和操作,使得教学实践活动本身简单化,在根本上束缚了教师和学生的发展。经过二十多年的教育教学改革,我们取得了很多成就,但是还没有从根本上突破传统的经典教学体系的大框架。我们固守的“教材即知识”、“课本即根本”的陈旧观念,使得“学校的教材和学生的需要和目的脱离,仅仅变成供人记忆、在需要时背出来的东西”,学生学习教科书就是被动地接纳这些知识、信息,为了应付考试还要死记硬背,教学完全失去了应有的主动性和灵活性。显然,这种绝对化、权威化的教材观,与我国基础教育新课程的基本理念相去甚远。