摘要：研究数学习题教学,其意义在于:使学生在解题实践中发展和提高数学基础知识、数学能力和数学素质,形成良好的个性品质结构;在习题教学过程中介绍数学活动的结果,再现数学活动过程,充分揭示发现问题、解决问题的思维过程.
我国中学数学教材中的习题体系与习题编排凸显出数学习题与数学“双基”的关系.数学习题教学是数学活动的重要组织形式之一.数学习题在数学教学中能发挥智育、德育、知识、发展和评价等功能.
数学习题的求解的思维过程表现在：认识与理解、联想与探索、评价与选择、操作与实现、推广与完善;其思维特征表现为整体性、发散与收敛性、目标意识、无序与有序化、非逻辑与逻辑化特征.从数学习题教学过程的结构分析,教学目的的确立与教学情境的创设,均为有效的数学习题的教学提供了保证.
进行有效的数学习题教学应把握问题逐次精化原则、有用知识合理整编原则与目的、材料、方法的有效统一原则;在习题教学中,注重暴露教师的思维活动和激发学生的好奇心与创造力,由学生主动独立进行活动,习题的选择在学生的能力的“最近发展区”内,是有效的数学习题教学的评价标准的基本标准.
关键词：数学习题教学;数学活动;思维特征;基本标准
Abstract ：Exercise study mathematics teaching, its significance in solving the problem is to enable students to develop and practice basic math knowledge. mathematical quality, and create a good personality traits; Exercises in mathematics teaching process on the results of reviewing math activities, fully reveals problems of discovering,problem-solving thought process.
In our country Middle school mathematics teaching material exercise system and the exercise arrangement highlights mathematics exercise and mathematics “two basics” relations.Mathematics exercise teaching is an important form of to mathematics activity. Mathematics exercise can display functions on intellectual instruction, moral education, knowledge, development and appraisal in mathematics teaching.
Mathematics exercise solution thought process displays in:Recognition and understanding, association and exploration, appraisal and choice, operation and realization, promotion and consummation; Its thought characteristics display as integrity, radiation and astringency, goal consciousness, disorderly and ordering, non-logical and logicalization characteristic. From mathematics exercise teaching process structure analysis, the teaching goal establishment and the teaching situation establishment, has provided the guarantee for the effective mathematics exercise teaching.
While carrying on the effective exercise teaching,teachers are supposed to follow the following principle,simplifying the problems gradually,reorganizes the useful knowledge reasonably, unifying the purpose,material and method effectively.Besides, teachers should expose their thinking activeites consciously and motivate student’s curiosity and creativity and creativity and enable them to work out the problems independantly.of coures,the exercises should be chosen withen students “the latest developing zore”,which is a basical standard of evaluating the exercises teaching effectively.
Keywords: Mathematics teaching exercise; Mathematics activities; Thought characteristic; Primary standard
1.概论
1.1数学习题的意义
在数学教学活动中,数学习题教学是基本的活动形式之一.无论学生对于数学概念、数学命题的掌握,还是对于数学方法、数学技能的运用,都可以通过数学习题教学得以实现;在数学习题教学中也可以评价学生数学知识的水平及其发展状况.数学习题教学在数学教学中占有重要的地位,数学教学的目的是使学生在数学基础知识、数学能力、数学素质(包括情感、意志、态度等非智力因素)等几方面都得到充分的发展和提高,以形成良好的个性品质结构,数学习题教学正是达到以上目的的有效手段之一.
