摘 要:随着教育改革的深入,人们越来越认识到,在青少年健康成长的过程中,学校和家庭是两个主要的决定性因素, 家庭教育与学校教育如人之双手、鸟之两翼,不可或缺。教育理论和实践的不断发展和完善使我们意识到:单一的学校教育已不能承担教育学生的全部责任,社会参与教育已成为国际教育发展的重要趋势。尤其是家庭与学校间的合作,它可以为学生创造良好的学习和教育环境,更能协调家校双方的力量使之形成合力,避免家庭教育和学校教育效果的相互削弱和抵制。近几十年来,家校合作成为世界各国教育研究和学校改革的主题,我国对此也相当重视,将其列为当前学校教育改革的重要组成部分。当前家庭与学校应当加强合作,已经是不争的话题,家长和学校分工合作才是促进学生全面发展的根本途径。
近些年来,尽管家长、教师、学校对家校合作必要性和重要性的认识已经得到普遍提高。但在具体的家校合作实施过程中却还存在着诸多欠缺。 本文以家庭教育和学校教育为研究的理论基础,借鉴国内外已有的家校合作相关理论和经验,研究目前兰州市普通高中家校合作的现状。 全文共分六个部分: 第一部分:绪论。介绍问题提出的现实原因和教育理论意义。并提出了本论文研究的目的和意义。第二部分:相关概念的界定与文献综述。阐述目前国内外在家校合作领域的历史与取得的经验,总结了国内在家校合作领域的研究状况。第三部分:研究的对象、方法及理论基础。介绍了研究对象的概况,阐述了研究方法,并从德育学、学校管理学、教育社会学三方面提出理论基础。第四部分:兰州市普通高中家校合作现状调查及问题分析。通过分析调查问卷和访谈,从学校和家庭两个方面总结了当前兰州市普通高中家校合作的现状,并指出目前存在的问题。第五部分:兰州市普通高中家校合作存在问题的归因分析。从学校、家长、管理三个层面分析了问题存在的原因。第六部分:兰州市普通高中家校合作问题的解决策略。从认识态度、合作关系、管理制度、校本研究、经费筹措五个方面提出了问题解决的策略。
关键词:家校合作 家庭教育 学校教育
Abstract :With the deuelopment of education reform,it is increasinsly agreed that home and school are two important factors during the course of the growth of teenagers.Actually,home and school are closely connected.They are to the deuelopment of a child what hands are to a human being or wings are to a bird.Neither of them can be dispenible.The development of educational theories and practice has made us realice the fact that school education alone isn’t able to be responsible for educating students.The participation of society in education has become a major trend.Particularly the cooperation between home and school can not only provide students with better learning surroundings and educational surroundings but also avoid weakening the function of each other.In the past decades,the aperation between home and school has become the fucos of education research and school reform in the whole world.It has certainly drawn much attention in China and become an important part in school education reform.It is an obvious fact that the cooperation between home and school should be further strengthened as it has become an essential way to promote the overall development of students.
In recent years,parents,teachers and schools have come to realize the necessity and importance of cooperation between home and school,but there still exist some deficiencies in the course of the cooperation.The thesis is based on the theory of the study on home education and school education.The author refers to the related theories and experience in cooperation between home and school both at home and abroad and discusses the current situation of cooperation between home and school in lanzhou .The whole research is divided into six parts.Part One is the preface,including the actual reason for doing the research and the theoretical meaning as well as the purpose and significance of the thesis.Part Two is about the definition on some related conceptions and literature review.The author elaborates the history,experience and current situation in cooperation between home and school at home and abroad.In Part Three,the author introduces the subject,methodology and the theoretical foundation of the research.Part Four states a survey and an analysis of cooperation between home and school in ordinary schools in Lanzhou.By analyzing the questionaire and the interriew ,the author summarises the present situntion in the cooperation between home and school in ordinary schools in Lanzhou and points out the problems existing in education.Part Five is about the analysis on the causes of current problems in the cooperation between home and school in Lanzhou.The author analyies the causes form the following three aspects schools ,parents and management.In Part Six the author offers some efficient solutions to problems in cooperation between home and school in ordinary schools in Lanzhou,including the five aspects,cognition altitude,management system,school courses and fund collection.
Key Words: Home-school cooperation Home education School education
兰州市普通高中家校合作现状的调查研究
第一部分 绪论
一、问题的提出
1、现实原因——教育管理实践中的家校矛盾
在学校教育过程中,班主任普遍会遇到这样一种现象:许多家长认为教育是学校的事,与家庭无关,于是一推了之,或者以“学生最听老师的话”为借口,将教育责任完全放在学校和老师身上,或者认为只要“学校教育的好”,其教育效果——孩子的成绩一定好。这些观点都是片面的。家校教育不能协调一致,致使部分学生未能得到全面的教育而形成不良的学习和生活习惯,甚至出现反社会化的行为。笔者从1996年担任高中班主任时就直接和众多家长联系接触,多年的工作实践使我深感家庭教育对学生成长的重要。良好的家长素养和家庭教育环境可以优化学校教育的效果。而无效的家庭教育就会大大削弱学校教育的成效。后来我担任学校的中层干部,负责学生和班主任的管理工作,并担任学校家长学校的办公室主任,经常和家长们打交道,我再次强烈感到不当的家庭教育是学生思想和行为发生偏差的一个重要根源,虽也有很多家长非常重视孩子的教育和学习,但由于缺乏必备的家教知识和科学的教育方法往往有心无力。比如,有些家长自身素质比较低,在潜移默化中给孩子的不是积极的影响,有些甚至还夹带一些消极影响。有一个个案:一位高一的女生,家里开了一个服装店,她父亲在忙不过来时,就经常让孩子去“看店”,甚至欺瞒班主任替孩子请假,由于过早的涉入生意买卖和对物质享受的追求,这位女生最终无心学习,经常旷课、撒谎,结交了不少社会不良青年,面对这种情况,这位父亲不仅不反思自己的错误却对孩子大打出手,夫妻二人也为此经常吵闹,低效的家庭教育和不睦的家庭环境最终导致孩子离家不归。有些家长或忙于自己的工作,或受“重智轻德”观念的影响,在对待孩子的教育问题上最容易忽视道德教育,寄希望于学校能对孩子的教育全权负责,家长与学校合作积极性有所下降,造成学校教育教学的难度增大。