摘 要:随着新课改的推进,思想品德课程改革取得了一定的突破和创新,但由于根深蒂固的“应试教育”理念等诸多因素的影响,旧的问题没有解决,新问题层出不穷,思想品德课程改革的现状与课程本身的功能、价值和课程所肩负的教育使命存在着较大差距。本文试图在前瞻性与现实性、理论与实践、规范与创新的结合上,从多年的教学实践出发,理论联系实际,全面、客观地分析认识初中思想政治课课程改革的现状,深入分析影响因素,探寻思想品德课程改革中取得的成就与存在的问题,并提出一些操作性较强的应对策略。本文共有四个部分:
第一部分 “思想品德课程改革的现状调查结果的归纳与分析”。基于新课程改革理论基础之上的思想品德课程的“应然”状态,为了深入细致地了解其“实然”状态,对中学思想品德课程改革的现状进行了调查,重点研究分析初中思想品德课程改革的相关因素。
第二部分“思想品德课程改革取得的主要成就”。主要表现为:课程体系与设置趋于整合和优化;以“素质教育”为导向,实现了课程改革重点的战略转移;以德育为灵魂,较好地突现了思想政治课课程的本质属性;教材改革注重时代性、多样性与选择性的统一;学科教学在继承与创新中积累了丰富的经验;教师的课堂角色和行为开始发生变化参与、支持思想品德课程改革的社会氛围开始形成。
第三部分“思想品德课程改革中存在的主要问题”。主要表现为:教育理念——先进与落后的冲撞;学科地位——功能独特与地位缺失;教材改革——初见成效但需不断完善;学科教学——传统守旧与超越创新“两栖”;师资建设——迷茫与无奈,教师专业化成长受阻;教师培训——理念与模式滞后,实效性低下;课程评价——困惑与期待,狭隘的功利化取向积重难返;课程资源——尚未被有效整合、开发和利用。
第四部分 “初中思想品德课程改革的发展策略”,主要针对思想品德课程实施中存在的问题,探讨论述了促进思想品德课程改革的方针策略。主要有:学习、实践、反思,不断提升教育观念;注重师资队伍建设,促进学科教师的专业化成长;革新教材建设的理念,推进学科教材的整合与开发;革新培训的理念与模式,提高培训的质量和实效;继承与创新并重,创建多维高效的“生命课堂”;全面开发与运用课程资源,形成思想品德教育的合力;革新和完善评价机制,助推思想品德课程改革“突围”。
关键词: 课程改革 思想品德课 现状 发展对策
Abstract :With the propulsion of new course reform, a big breakthrough and creation have been made in the reform of moral qualities course. However, because of the influence of many such factors as the deeply rooted idea of education simply for examination, there exists a big gap between theory and practice of new course reform. The old problems haven’t been settled while new ones pile up one after another. There exists a major difference between the present situation of moral qualities course reform and the function, value, of the course itself and the mission shouldered by it. This text tries to study and analyze the present condition of the moral qualities course reform for junior high school based on many years of teaching practice in the combination of prospect and reality, theory and practice, norm and creation. By combining theory, with practice, the present condition of the moral qualities course reform deserves a complete and objective analysis and under funding. By further analysis the achievement and problems existing in the moral qualities course reform, the fact intends to put forward some more operational strategies for dealing. The text includes four parts.
The first part “the investigation of the reform of the moral qualities course”. According to the should-be-state of the moral qualities course based on the theory of the new course reform and for the sake of thorough and meticulous understanding of the actual fact. The present situation of the moral qualities course reform has been investigated for the purpose of studying and analyzing the related factors concerned with the reform of the moral qualities course.
Part two “the major achievements made in the reform of moral qualities course”, and they can be seen as follows. The structural system is in the trend of being complete and excellent. With the quality-oriented education the guidance of the reform, the strategic shift of the emphasis has been fulfilled. That the education in ethics is the center of the reform will embody the instinct feature of the reform we are taking. The reform of the teaching material should conform to the trend of the times and lay stress on the combination of diversity and alternative. The teaching experience of the subject has been accumulated abundantly in the inheritance and innovation. The role and the behavior of the teachers in the classroom are changing and the sense of participation has been enhanced, which make the social atmosphere of bolstering the form of moral qualities course take shape.
The third part is the major problems existing in the reform of moral qualities course. Mainly, there are educational ideas where collision between advancement and backward exist at the same time. Discipline position has its unique function but is losing its status, The reform of teaching material has won initial success but needs improving constantly. Teaching of discipline, with backward and creation exist at the same time and faculty construction, vast and hazy, obstructs teacher''s specialization. The teacher’s training is being taken with ideas and modes lag behind and the substantial results are not in high level. Course evaluation --Puzzled and expecting, Course resources -- have not been combined, developed and utilized effectively yet
The fourth part “the development strategy of the reform of the moral qualities course for junior high school”, treats and deals with the policy and strategy of promoting the reform of the moral qualities course in accordance with the problem existing in the carrying out of the moral qualities course. The development strategy primarily include: study, practice and reflection to promote the education idea; reform the idea of teaching material construction and push forward the integration of the course teaching material and development; attach importance to the development of the teachers and promote the growth of the professional teachers; pay equal attention to inheritance and creation and create “The life class of multi dimension and high efficiency; comprehensive development along with the use of the course resources to form the joint force of the moral qualities education ; reform and perfect the evaluation system and promote the breakthrough of the moral qualities course.
Key words: The course reform The moral qualities course The Present situation The development strategy
导 论
一、研究的背景和选题依据
1、社会的深刻变革对思想品德课程改革提出挑战。当前,经济全球化趋势方兴未艾,国际竞争空前激烈,人类的生存与发展面临困境,知识经济初现端倪,整个社会发生了深刻的变革,引起了世界各国对“教育应当培养什么样的人、怎样培养人”这一问题的普遍关注。教育改革的发展要求基础教育全面推进素质教育,为学生的全面发展、终身发展奠基,为社会的全面、协调和可持续发展奠基。在对我国基础教育现状进行深刻反思、对国际课程改革趋势进行深入比较、对未来人才需求进行认真分析后,我国基础教育课程改革确立了课程改革的核心目标是要推进课程功能的转变、课程结构的转变、课程内容的转变、课程实施方式的转变和课程评价方式的转变。与此同时,我国社会的深刻变革为未成年人的全面发展提供了广阔的空间,但各种不利因素也在增长,给未成年人的思想道德建设带来了一系列负面影响。面对国际国内形势的变化,新情况、新问题的出现,使未成年人思想道德建设既面临新的机遇,也面临严峻的挑战。在我国,18岁以下的未成年人约有3.67亿,占全国总人口的28%,他们的思想道德素质如何直接关系到中华民族整体素质的提高,关系到小康目标的实现和全面构建和谐社会。我国普通中学的思想品德课程顺应国际形势的变化、中国社会发展、全面推进素质教育的要求,必须深化学科改革,以实现其学校德育主阵地、主课堂的作用。