提要:当前我国中小学课堂教学正处在一种混乱状态。很多教师或陷入传统教育中落后教育思想的泥潭难以自拔,或偏信现代教育中某一教育理念而得意忘形,或搞传统教育与现代教育杂交实验而迷失方向。这种混乱状态是新老教育观念更替尚未完成、多元教育理论并存尚需磨合时期的正常反应。但让人担忧的是,课堂教学有效性似乎也随着这种混乱而隐藏了或被人遗忘了,表现在课堂教学有效性概念的模糊、提高课堂教学有效性方法的缺失等。这是值得警惕的事情。
在这样的背景下,论文运用文献研究法找到“巨人的肩膀”;运用访谈调查法验证已有标准的适用性;运用理论研究法论证课堂教学有效性的内涵;运用个案研究法寻找提高课堂教学有效性的因素和方法。论文力求用精炼的语言、精要的课例辅之以精确的分析,从而尽量将问题论述得清楚明白。
全文首先论述研究的意义、思路和方法。
然后论述什么是课堂教学的有效性,只有这个问题搞清楚了,广大中小学教师提高课堂教学的有效性才有努力的方向。所谓课堂教学有效性,是指在有效益的前提下有效果和有效率的课堂教学。有效益、有效果、有效率三者缺一不可。课堂教学有效性有全体兼顾、全面发展、全程无忧、全能开发、全身心投入、一清二楚、一举多得、一切从实际出发、一石激起千层浪、一句话一辈子等十个方面的特征。
接下来分析提高中小学课堂教学有效性的因素,包括有效教师、有效学生、有效内容、有效媒体、有效环境等五个方面的因素。其中有效教师是首要的关键的因素,有效学生是核心因素。
最后论述教师为了提高课堂教学有效性需作哪些细节性的工作。本来有很多细节性的工作,这里选取了五个最重要的细节,即优化预设、美化生成、活化管理、硬化反思、细化储备。
关键词:中小学;课堂教学;有效性
Abstract :At present my primary and junior high schools classroom teaching is ising placed in a kind of confusion appearance. Many after very teachers or fall into the traditional education to decline educate the thought the mire to extricate oneself with difficulty, or believes in the modern education some education idea to let success go to the head, or make the tradition the education and modern the education is miscellaneous to hard over experiment but lose bearing. This kind of confusion appearance is normal reaction that the lately old education idea substitutes still the not yet finished, diverse education theories to need to whet to match the period keep both and still. But let what person worry BE, The classroom instruction validity as if also chaotic hid along with this kind or has been forgotten by the person, expressing the faintness in the classroom teaching usefulness concept and raising imperfection etc. of the classroom teaching usefulness method. This is worthy of vigilance of affair.
Under thus of the background, the thesis tries hard for the analysis that the lesson example of the language, essentials of using the refinement assistsit with the precision, discussing problem thus and as far as possible know understand.
The full text is divided into 4 ories.
The 1 ories emphasize the way of thinking of the meaning, research and the method of the research of the treatise research.
What 2 orieses discuss exclusively to is the usefulness of the classroom teaching, only having this problem to make clearly, large primary and junior high school the teacher raises the usefulness of the classroom teaching to just have the diligent direction. The so-called classroom teaching usefulness, the premise that means in the valid benefit descends the effective and efficient classroom teaching. Valid benefit, effective and efficient three lack a can’t. The classroom teaching usefulness has all together look after both sides, overall development, the whole distanceses develop without the sorrow, almightiness, the whole body heart devotion, clear, with one action and much get, everything from set out physically, a stone arises thousand layer waves, awordses during a lifetime ten characteristics of etc..
3 ories analyzed the factor of the exaltation primary and junior high school classroom teaching usrfulness, including the effective teacher, effective student, effective contents, effective madia, effective environment etc. five factor. Among them, the effective teacher is initial of the factor of the key, the effective student is a core factor.
4 ories discuss the teacher exclusively for raising the classroom teaching usefulness to need to be made which details works. Originally have a lot of detail works, selected by examinations the most important detailses here, namely excellent turn to prepare to establish, beautify born, activate the management, harden to introspect, thin turn the storage.
Keyword:the Elementary and secondary Schools;Instructions in the Classrooms;Effectiveness
一、为何研究以及如何研究
(一)研究意义
什么样的课堂教学是有效的 ?如何提高课堂教学的有效性 ?这是我从教十余年来一直在努力思考、实践和探索的两个问题。我通过查阅大量的相关文献发现,这些研究要么理论性太强,要么没有理论,要么个别化、学科化倾向严重,更多的还是观点陈旧、落后,已经不能适应现代社会背景下的我国的中小学教师和学生以及我国中小学课堂教学实际。为此,我决定在这方面作些深入地研究。我曾思考过的以下四个问题还将进一步揭示研究此题的意义。