摘 要:新一轮课程改革实施以来,人们逐渐意识到,评价对于促进学生学习的重要性。我们对评价的研究,归根结底是要发挥激励、改善和促进作用,最终要落实到学生的发展上。如何通过有效的评价手段,促进学生全面发展和可持续发展,成为学习的真正主人,归根结底要使学生主动地参与到学习活动中来。因此,本文探讨的就是如何通过评价手段,促进学生音乐学习参与能力的提高。
从事本研究具有以下的一些意义,首先,从教学评价理论到音乐教学评价方法的具体实施,是深化评价理论并与评价实践相结合的过程。其次,开发设计评价量规和评价方法,能使评价过程有理有据,有章可循。第三,以评价促进小学生音乐学习参与能力发展,能够有效提高教学质量。
目前在国外,教育评价与学生参与能力相结合的研究还不是很深入,而在国内,相关的研究则基本处于空白状态。作者从实践层面进行了一些探索和思考,力图找出一条可行的道路。在实践中作者从质性评价方法入手,运用师生设计的评价量规开展评价,关注学生的主动参与,取得了一些经验和收获,也面临很多亟待解决的问题。但不管怎样艰难,毕竟已经开始了研究和探索,在不断实践的过程中,一定会有更加意义重大的收获。
本研究以多元智能理论作为基本的理论基础,贯穿着教育公平的基本思想,关注评价研究的信度、效度,重视发挥师生的主体间性。这些美好的理想和信念,在与教育实践活动相结合的过程中,不可避免地会产生矛盾和冲突,但相信在解决矛盾和冲突的过程中,必定会有效提高教育教学水平。
关键词:评价;参与能力;量规;教育公平
Abstract :People gradually realize the importance of evaluation in promoting students’ learning since the implementation of the first round curriculum reform. The ultimate aim of our research on evaluation is to perform its stimulating, improving and promoting functions, which are conductive to the development of students. In order to promote the comprehensive and sustainable development of students by effective evaluation methods, we have to make students participate the learning activities actively. Therefore, this thesis deals with how evaluation method can be used to promote students’ participating ability in their music learning activities.
The meanings of this study are shown as follows: firstly, the implementation from teaching evaluation theory to music teaching evaluation method is a process of deepening evaluation theory and combining evaluation theory and evaluation practice. Secondly, the developing and designing of the evaluation gauge and method can make the evaluation process reasonable evidence-based. Thirdly, this will improve the teaching quality.
Currently abroad, the study combining education evaluation and students’ participating ability is not very thorough, and at home, the relevant researches is basically blank. The present author makes some exploration from the practical perspective in order to find a viable path. In practice, the author starts from the qualitative evaluation method, and uses the evaluation gauge designed by the teacher and student to develop evaluation, concerns the students’ active participation. Some experiences and achievements are made, but we also face a lot of problems that need urgent solution. No matter how difficult, some researches and explorations have begun after all, and we will definitely have a significant harvest through constant practice.
This study uses multiple intelligences theory as its theoretical framework, and the basic idea of education equality breathe through the whole thesis. It concerns the validity and reliability of evaluation study and emphasizes the development of inter-subjectivity between teachers and students. In the process of combining these wonderful ideals and beliefs with educational practices, there are bound to be conflicts and contradictions, however, it is believed that in the process of resolving these conflicts and contradictions, the education standards will be effectively enhanced.
Key words: evaluation, participating ability, gauge, education equality,
第一章 绪 论
一、问题的提出
首先,让我们以三个问题开始:
1. 学生是否客观地评价过自己的音乐学习状态?
2. 教师在音乐教学中开展的评价活动是否有效促进了学生的音乐学习?
3. 学生能否主动地参与到音乐学习之中?
如果老师们客观地回答这三个问题,恐怕就会面临一个很尴尬的局面:学生们很少客观地评价和审视过自己的音乐学习状态,教师在音乐教学中的评价活动往往是单调乏味的,并不能有效促进学生的音乐学习,学生在音乐学习中大都处于被动状态。
问题出在哪里?我认为归根结底,是由于我们对于教育评价的研究和应用大大滞后,导致学生失去了主动参与音乐学习的兴趣和动力。
我们期待有一种评价方法,能够让学生主动参与到音乐学习中来,能够主动对音乐知识进行分析、归纳和整理,并对自己和同伴的学习有清楚的掌握,让学生学得明白、学得自信,教师教得轻松。因此,我们应当着手研究,如何以评价手段促进小学生音乐学习参与能力的提高。