摘 要:现代活动教育是为匡正传统学校教育忽视学生自我活动的弊端而发展起来的。活动教育将学生的活动与学生的发展紧密连接起来,认为活动是人存在与发展的基础,学生的发展不是外在强加的。它试图通过组织、引导学生自己主动、多样而全面地活动,以达到提升学生主体意识与能力,促进学生个性全面和谐发展的目的。现代活动教育的基本任务在于设计、组织起符合学生发展需要的各类活动,在学生主动参与的主体性活动中,达到教育教学的各项目标,进而实现学生的全面发展。因此,现代活动教育从本质上说是一种以活动促发展的教育,这与今天社会对人的要求是一致的。
进入20世纪90年代,我国基础教育改革中的活动教育研究是沿着两条非常明晰的线索展开的:一是以学习内容的综合性、学习过程的自主性、学习方式的实践性与探索性,以及以“活动主题串联”为主要的课程编制方式等为基本特征的活动课程的研究与实践,是一种可归属为新的课程开发的研究;二是在学科教学领域内,以活动教育思想为指导,以活动教学法为主要教学方式等为基本特征的教学改革实践,是一种可归属学科教学范畴的活动教学改革研究。
我国的新课程改革正处在关键时期,仅局限于数学课堂教学已不能满足高中数学教学的需要,如何搞好数学活动课教学,更好地为高中数学教学服务,是摆在数学理论工作者和实践工作者面前的一道难题。找准数学学科课程与活动课程的最佳综合点(我们称为数学活动课程),拓展和规范高中数学活动课程的内容是我国基础教育课程改革的发展趋势。
本文结构可分成三大部分,第一部分是对高中数学活动课程的认识,第二部分是通过查阅文献及教学实践,构建出实施高中数学活动课程的理论框架及几种典型的课例,第三部分是对高中数学活动课程如何进行管理及评价作了一些理论及实践上的探讨,以期能为我国的数学课程改革尽点微薄之力。
关键词:活动课程 活动教学 典型课例 管理及评价
ABSTRACT :Modern activity-centered education is developed of correcting abuses caused by traditional school education which neglecting student’s activities. It is this activity-centered education that links students’ activity and their development together, holding that activity is the foundation for people’s existence and development, believing that students’ development is not something imposing, but something immanent. It attempts to organize, guide student to activate actively, diversely and comprehensively, thus accomplish the purpose of enhancing students’ individualness and ability, promoting
students’ character to develop comprehensively and harmoniously. The basic task of modern activity-centered
education is to design ,organize various activities, which correspond with students’ actual development needs, in which students can participate actively, thus achieve the various aims set by education and learning, thereby, activity-centered education, by nature, is a kind of education which develops through activities, which is in accordance with the demand society asks for the individual.
The activity-centered education in our country’s basic education reform develops around two clear clues: First, The research and practice based on the comprehensiveness of learning materials, the autonomy in learning process, the practicalness and exploratoiness in the learning methond and the “activity-linkage” centered curriculum presentation form, which belongs to a new curriculum research, Second. The teaching and reform practice in the field of subject teaching which were guided by activity-centered teaching method, which can be attributed to a kind of acitivity-centered teaching reform research in the field of subject teaching.
Our curriculum reform has arrived at its critical period, classroom-oriented maths teaching can not meet \the senior high-school’s maths teaching meeds, so how to make maths activity-centered education theory better helps our senior high school’s maths teaching is a difficult probbem facing the maths theoreticians and teachers. Finding the bonding point between maths curricula and the activity-centered curricula and expanding and standardising senior high school’s maths activity-centered curricula are the trends of the our basic education .
This paper consists of three parts.First, understanding about the scnior high school’s maths acitivity-centered curriculum. Secondly, through ploughing documents and teaching practice, constructing the theory outlined and sevirsl typical class examples about implementing senior high school maths activity curriculum. The final part probes into the maths activity-centered curriculum’s management and evaluation theoretically and practically and the author hopes to give his help to our country’s curriculum reform.
Key word: The activity-centered curricula, The activity-centered teaching, The typical class examples, Management and evaluation.
前 言
一、问题的提出
众所周知,课程的改革历来是教育改革的一个核心问题,同时也是最为复杂的一个系统工程。
科学技术的迅猛发展,特别是计算机技术的飞速发展,冲击着原来的数学课程及教学模式,数学教育目的、教学内容和教学手段等都出现了新的变化。20世纪中叶后,数学本身发生了巨大的变化,特别是与计算机的结合,使得数学的应用范围得到了空前的拓展。数学已经渗透到人类生活的方方面面,并成为公民必需的基本文化素养,这一切构成了当前国际数学课程改革的基础。现在,世界各国纷纷对数学课程进行了改革。我国的数学课程,尤其是中小学数学课程的改革已进入了一个非常关键的时期。其中关于学科课程之外的课程领域也有了新的规定,但其内容主要限于四大指定领域(研究性学习,社区服务与社会实践,劳动与技术教育,信息技术教育)介于数学学科课程与综合实践活动课程指定领域之间的活动并没有明确说明。理论和实践研究较少,这方面的论著更为鲜见。找准数学学科课程与活动课程的最佳综合点(本文称之为数学活动课程)是我国基础教育课程改革的发展趋势。本文以高中数学内容为基础,从数学活动课程提出的背景,数学活动课程的本质及特征,数学活动课程的理论基础,数学活动课程的价值、数学活动课程的内容设计、教学组织形式、数学活动课程的管理与评价等几个方面作一些理论和实践上的探讨,以期能为我国的数学课程改革尽点微薄之力。